搞个HTML5版的时钟就是我们今天要完成的任务,实现HTML5的时钟绘制一般会采用三种方式,第一种采用CSS的实现方式,例如 http://www.css-tricks.com/examples/CSS3Clock/ ;第二种采用SVG的实现方式,例如 http://www.css-tricks.com/examples/CSS3Clock/;第三种采用Cavnas的2D绘制方式,如HT for Web中《矢量手册》中自定义绘制的clock例子,HT的例子的实现效果如下,其实现代码附在本文的最后部分。

以上三种方式都是较容易理解的实现方式,今天我们将采用的则是较为少见的WebGL纯Shading Language实现方式,这种方式极其高效,毕竟我们采用的是可利用GPU硬件加速的WebGL技术,CPU代码角度看仅有两个三角形的绘制,真正表盘的绘制逻辑完全在GPU对两个三角形进行Fragment Shading时实现。

可通过这里 http://js.do/hightopo/glsl-clock 玩玩最后的实现效果以及实现代码,采用GLSL的实现最重要的就是决定当前坐标位置的gl_FragColor的颜色,我们将始终分为表盘、外圈、刻度、时针、分针和秒针几个部分,代码后部分的留个连续Blend代码相当于逐层绘制的逻辑,以下几个函数技术点说明:
Rect函数中的clamp(uv, -size/2.0, size/2.0))是我们决定点是否在矩形区域的技巧
函数Rotate(vec2 uv,float angle)将坐标点旋转到水平或垂直位置方便我们确定Rect和Line参数进行对比
Blend函数mix(shapeColor, backColor, smoothstep(0.0, 0.005, shape))是常用的混合mix和smoothstep达到更好处理边缘平滑效果GLSL常用技巧
为了说明mix和smoothstep的融合效果,我搞了个 http://js.do/hightopo/glsl-smooth-clrcle 的例子,你可以尝试去掉#define SMOOTH后边缘锯齿较明显的问题,也可以调节smoothstep(0.49, 0.5, d)的0.49为0.3等较小的参数体验渐进的效果,以下为几种效果的综合对比

GLSL的Fragment Shader实现代码如下:
- #ifdef GL_ES
- precision mediump float;
- #endif
- uniform float time;
- uniform vec2 resolution;
- float pi = 3.1415926;
- float tau = pi * 2.0;
- vec2 Rotate(vec2 uv,float angle);
- float Circle(vec2 uv,float r);
- float Rect(vec2 uv,vec2 size,float r);
- float Line(vec2 uv,vec2 start,vec2 end,float r);
- float Merge(float a,float b);
- float Outline(float a,float r);
- vec3 Blend(vec3 backColor, vec3 shapeColor, float shape);
- float SecStep(float x);
- void main( void )
- {
- vec2 res = resolution / resolution.y;
- vec2 uv = ( gl_FragCoord.xy / resolution.y );
- uv -= res / 2.0;
- float secAng = (SecStep(time) / 60.0) * tau;
- float minAng = (time / 3600.0) * tau;
- float hourAng = (time / 43200.0) * tau;
- float clockFace = Circle(uv, 0.45);
- float clockTrim = Outline(clockFace, 0.01);
- vec2 secDomain = Rotate(uv, secAng);
- float clockSec = Line(secDomain, vec2(0.0, -0.15), vec2(0.0, 0.35), 0.001);
- clockSec = Merge(clockSec, Circle(uv, 0.01));
- clockSec = Merge(clockSec, Rect(secDomain - vec2(0.0, -0.08), vec2(0.012, 0.07), 0.0));
- float clockMin = Line(Rotate(uv, minAng), vec2(0.0,-0.08), vec2(0.0, 0.35), 0.005);
- float clockHour = Line(Rotate(uv, hourAng), vec2(0.0,-0.05), vec2(0.0,0.3), 0.007);
- clockHour = Merge(clockHour, Circle(uv, 0.02));
- float tickMarks = 1.0;
- vec2 tickDomain = uv;
- for(int i = 0;i < 60;i++)
- {
- tickDomain = Rotate(tickDomain, tau / 60.0);
- vec2 size = (mod(float(i + 1), 5.0) == 0.0) ? vec2(0.08, 0.01) : vec2(0.04, 0.002);
- tickMarks = Merge(tickMarks, Rect(tickDomain - vec2(0.38, 0.0), size, 0.0));
- }
- vec3 faceColor = mix(vec3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), uv.x+0.5);
- vec3 trimColor = mix(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), uv.y + 0.5);
- vec3 secColor = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
- vec3 handColor = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
- vec3 color = mix(vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), uv.y+0.5);
- color = Blend(color, faceColor, clockFace);
- color = Blend(color, trimColor, clockTrim);
- color = Blend(color, trimColor, tickMarks);
- color = Blend(color, handColor, clockHour);
- color = Blend(color, handColor, clockMin);
- color = Blend(color, secColor, clockSec);
- gl_FragColor = vec4(color, 1.0);
- }
- float SecStep(float x)
- {
- float interp = smoothstep(0.80, 1.0, mod(x, 1.0));
- return floor(x) + interp + (sin(interp * pi)) ;
- }
- float Line(vec2 uv,vec2 start,vec2 end,float r)
- {
- return Rect(uv-(end+start)/2.0, vec2(r, end.y - start.y), r);
- }
- float Rect(vec2 uv,vec2 size,float r)
- {
- return length(uv - clamp(uv, -size/2.0, size/2.0)) - r;
- }
- vec2 Rotate(vec2 uv,float angle)
- {
- return mat2(cos(angle), sin(angle),-sin(angle), cos(angle)) * uv;
- }
- float Circle(vec2 uv,float r)
- {
- return length(uv) - r;
- }
- float Merge(float a,float b)
- {
- return min(a, b);
- }
- float Outline(float a,float r)
- {
- return abs(a) - r;
- }
- vec3 Blend(vec3 backColor, vec3 shapeColor, float shape)
- {
- return mix(shapeColor, backColor, smoothstep(0.0, 0.005, shape));
- }
HT for Web中《矢量手册》中自定义绘制的clock例子实现代码如下:
- function init() {
- dataModel = new ht.DataModel();
- graphView = new ht.graph.GraphView(dataModel);
- view = graphView.getView();
- view.className = 'main';
- document.body.appendChild(view);
- window.addEventListener('resize', function(e) {
- graphView.invalidate();
- }, false);
- ht.Default.setCompType('clock-face', function(g, rect, comp, data, view) {
- var cx = rect.x + rect.width / 2;
- var cy = rect.y + rect.height / 2;
- var theta = 0;
- var r = Math.min(rect.width, rect.height)/2 * 0.92;
-
- g.strokeStyle = "#137";
- for (var i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
- g.beginPath();
- g.arc(
- cx + Math.cos(theta) * r,
- cy + Math.sin(theta) * r,
- i % 5 === 0 ? 4 : 1,
- 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
- g.closePath();
- g.lineWidth = i % 5 === 0 ? 2 : 1;
- g.stroke();
- theta = theta + (6 * Math.PI / 180);
- }
- });
- ht.Default.setImage('clock', {
- width: 500,
- height: 500,
- comps: [
- {
- type: 'circle',
- relative: true,
- rect: [0, 0, 1, 1],
- background: 'yellow',
- gradient: 'linear.northeast'
- },
- {
- type: 'clock-face',
- relative: true,
- rect: [0, 0, 1, 1]
- },
- {
- type: function(g, rect, comp, data, view) {
- // get current time
- var date = data.a('date');
- if(!date){
- return;
- }
-
- var hours = date.getHours();
- var minutes = date.getMinutes();
- var seconds = date.getSeconds();
- hours = hours > 12 ? hours - 12 : hours;
- var hour = hours + minutes / 60;
- var minute = minutes + seconds / 60;
- var clockRadius = 250;
- // save current context
- g.save();
- g.translate(clockRadius, clockRadius);
- g.beginPath();
- // draw numbers
- g.font = '36px Arial';
- g.fillStyle = '#000';
- g.textAlign = 'center';
- g.textBaseline = 'middle';
- for (var n = 1; n <= 12; n++) {
- var theta = (n - 3) * (Math.PI * 2) / 12;
- var x = clockRadius * 0.75 * Math.cos(theta);
- var y = clockRadius * 0.75 * Math.sin(theta);
- g.fillText(n, x, y);
- }
- // draw hour
- g.save();
- var theta = (hour - 3) * 2 * Math.PI / 12;
- g.rotate(theta);
- g.beginPath();
- g.moveTo(-15, -5);
- g.lineTo(-15, 5);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.5, 1);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.5, -1);
- g.fill();
- g.restore();
- // draw minute
- g.save();
- var theta = (minute - 15) * 2 * Math.PI / 60;
- g.rotate(theta);
- g.beginPath();
- g.moveTo(-15, -4);
- g.lineTo(-15, 4);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.8, 1);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.8, -1);
- g.fill();
- g.restore();
- // draw second
- g.save();
- var theta = (seconds - 15) * 2 * Math.PI / 60;
- g.rotate(theta);
- g.beginPath();
- g.moveTo(-15, -3);
- g.lineTo(-15, 3);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.9, 1);
- g.lineTo(clockRadius * 0.9, -1);
- g.fillStyle = '#0f0';
- g.fill();
- g.restore();
- g.restore();
- }
- }
- ]
- });
- var node = new ht.Node();
- node.setPosition(150, 150);
- node.setSize(250, 250);
- node.setImage('clock');
- node.a('date', new Date());
- node.s('image.stretch', 'centerUniform');
- dataModel.add(node);
- graphView.setEditable(true);
-
- setInterval(function(){
- node.a('date', new Date());
- }, 1000);
- }