akka-typed的actor从创建、启用、状态转换、停用、监视等生命周期管理方式和akka-classic还是有一定的不同之处。这篇我们就介绍一下akka-typed的actor生命周期管理。
每一种actor都是通过定义它的行为属性behavior形成模版,然后由对上一层的父辈actor用spawn方法产生actor实例的。产生的actor实例加入一个系统的由上至下树形结构,直接在spawn产生自己的父辈之下。akka-typed的守护guardian-actor,即根部root-actor是通过在定义ActorSystem时指定并产生的。如下:
- val config = ConfigFactory.load("application.conf")
- val man: ActorSystem[GreetStarter.Command] = ActorSystem(GreetStarter(), "greetDemo",config)
- man ! GreetStarter.RepeatedGreeting("Tiger",1.seconds)
在某种意义上,这个ActorSystem实例man就代表root-actor。我们可以向man发送消息然后由GreetStarter的behavior用自己的ActorContext进行spawn,stop,watch及分派计算任务等,其实就是一个程序的集线器:
- object GreetStarter {
- import Messages._
- def apply(): Behavior[SayHi] = {
- Behaviors.setup { ctx =>
- val props = DispatcherSelector.fromConfig("akka.actor.default-blocking-io-dispatcher")
- val helloActor = ctx.spawn(HelloActor(), "hello-actor",props)
- val greeter = ctx.spawn(Greeter(helloActor), "greeter")
- ctx.watch(greeter)
- ctx.watchWith(helloActor,StopWorker("something happend"))
- Behaviors.receiveMessage { who =>
- if (who.name == "stop") {
- ctx.stop(helloActor)
- ctx.stop(greeter)
- Behaviors.stopped
- } else {
- greeter ! who
- Behaviors.same
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
但是,总有时候我们需要在root-actor的ActorContext之外来进行一些制造、使用actor的操作。下面这个官方文档上的例子是很好的示范:
- import akka.actor.typed.Behavior
- import akka.actor.typed.SpawnProtocol
- import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.Behaviors
- import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.LoggerOps
- object HelloWorldMain {
- def apply(): Behavior[SpawnProtocol.Command] =
- Behaviors.setup { context =>
- // Start initial tasks
- // context.spawn(...)
- SpawnProtocol()
- }
- }
- object Main extends App {
- implicit val system: ActorSystem[SpawnProtocol.Command] =
- ActorSystem(HelloWorldMain(), "hello")
- // needed in implicit scope for ask (?)
- import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.AskPattern._
- implicit val ec: ExecutionContext = system.executionContext
- implicit val timeout: Timeout = Timeout(3.seconds)
- val greeter: Future[ActorRef[HelloWorld.Greet]] =
- system.ask(SpawnProtocol.Spawn(behavior = HelloWorld(), name = "greeter", props = Props.empty, _))
- val greetedBehavior = Behaviors.receive[HelloWorld.Greeted] { (context, message) =>
- context.log.info2("Greeting for {} from {}", message.whom, message.from)
- Behaviors.stopped
- }
- val greetedReplyTo: Future[ActorRef[HelloWorld.Greeted]] =
- system.ask(SpawnProtocol.Spawn(greetedBehavior, name = "", props = Props.empty, _))
- for (greeterRef <- greeter; replyToRef <- greetedReplyTo) {
- greeterRef ! HelloWorld.Greet("Akka", replyToRef)
- }
- ...
- }
可以看到所有操作都在actor框架之外进行的。这个SpawnProtocol本身就是一个actor,如下:
- object SpawnProtocol {
- ...
- final case class Spawn[T](behavior: Behavior[T], name: String, props: Props, replyTo: ActorRef[ActorRef[T]])
- extends Command
- ...
- def apply(): Behavior[Command] =
- Behaviors.receive { (ctx, msg) =>
- msg match {
- case Spawn(bhvr, name, props, replyTo) =>
- val ref =
- if (name == null || name.equals(""))
- ctx.spawnAnonymous(bhvr, props)
- else {
- @tailrec def spawnWithUniqueName(c: Int): ActorRef[Any] = {
- val nameSuggestion = if (c == 0) name else s"$name-$c"
- ctx.child(nameSuggestion) match {
- case Some(_) => spawnWithUniqueName(c + 1) // already taken, try next
- case None => ctx.spawn(bhvr, nameSuggestion, props)
- }
- }
- spawnWithUniqueName(0)
- }
- replyTo ! ref
- Behaviors.same
- }
- }
- }
外界通过发送Spawn消息来指定产生新的actor。
actor的状态切换就是从一种behavior转到另一种behavior。我们可以自定义behavior或者用现成的Behaviors.???。如果只是涉及内部变量变化,那么可以直接生成带着变量的当前behavior,如下:
- object HelloWorldBot {
- def apply(max: Int): Behavior[HelloWorld.Greeted] = {
- bot(0, max)
- }
- private def bot(greetingCounter: Int, max: Int): Behavior[HelloWorld.Greeted] =
- Behaviors.receive { (context, message) =>
- val n = greetingCounter + 1
- context.log.info2("Greeting {} for {}", n, message.whom)
- if (n == max) {
- Behaviors.stopped
- } else {
- message.from ! HelloWorld.Greet(message.whom, context.self)
- bot(n, max)
- }
- }
- }
actor停用可以由直属父辈actor的ActorContext.stop或者自身的Behaviors.stopped来实现。Behaviors.stopped可以带入一个清理函数。在actor完全停止之前进行一些清理操作:
- object MasterControlProgram {
- sealed trait Command
- final case class SpawnJob(name: String) extends Command
- case object GracefulShutdown extends Command
- // Predefined cleanup operation
- def cleanup(log: Logger): Unit = log.info("Cleaning up!")
- def apply(): Behavior[Command] = {
- Behaviors
- .receive[Command] { (context, message) =>
- message match {
- case SpawnJob(jobName) =>
- context.log.info("Spawning job {}!", jobName)
- context.spawn(Job(jobName), name = jobName)
- Behaviors.same
- case GracefulShutdown =>
- context.log.info("Initiating graceful shutdown...")
- // perform graceful stop, executing cleanup before final system termination
- // behavior executing cleanup is passed as a parameter to Actor.stopped
- Behaviors.stopped { () =>
- cleanup(context.system.log)
- }
- }
- }
- .receiveSignal {
- case (context, PostStop) =>
- context.log.info("Master Control Program stopped")
- Behaviors.same
- }
- }
- }
实际上一个actor转入停用stop状态可以在另一个作为监视actor的receiveSignal获取,如下:
- object GreetStarter {
- import Messages._
- def apply(): Behavior[SayHi] = {
- Behaviors.setup { ctx =>
- val props = DispatcherSelector.fromConfig("akka.actor.default-blocking-io-dispatcher")
- val helloActor = ctx.spawn(HelloActor(), "hello-actor",props)
- val greeter = ctx.spawn(Greeter(helloActor), "greeter")
- ctx.watch(greeter)
- ctx.watchWith(helloActor,StopWorker("something happend"))
- Behaviors.receiveMessage { who =>
- if (who.name == "stop") {
- ctx.stop(helloActor)
- ctx.stop(greeter)
- Behaviors.stopped
- } else {
- greeter ! who
- Behaviors.same
- }
- }.receiveSignal {
- case (context, Terminated(ref)) =>
- context.log.info("{} stopped!", ref.path.name)
- Behaviors.same
- }
- }
- }
- }
下面是.receiveSignal函数及其捕获的Signal消息:
- trait Receive[T] extends Behavior[T] {
- def receiveSignal(onSignal: PartialFunction[(ActorContext[T], Signal), Behavior[T]]): Behavior[T]
- }
- trait Signal
- /**
- * Lifecycle signal that is fired upon restart of the Actor before replacing
- * the behavior with the fresh one (i.e. this signal is received within the
- * behavior that failed).
- */
- sealed abstract class PreRestart extends Signal
- case object PreRestart extends PreRestart {
- def instance: PreRestart = this
- }
- /**
- * Lifecycle signal that is fired after this actor and all its child actors
- * (transitively) have terminated. The [[Terminated]] signal is only sent to
- * registered watchers after this signal has been processed.
- */
- sealed abstract class PostStop extends Signal
- // comment copied onto object for better hints in IDEs
- /**
- * Lifecycle signal that is fired after this actor and all its child actors
- * (transitively) have terminated. The [[Terminated]] signal is only sent to
- * registered watchers after this signal has been processed.
- */
- case object PostStop extends PostStop {
- def instance: PostStop = this
- }
- object Terminated {
- def apply(ref: ActorRef[Nothing]): Terminated = new Terminated(ref)
- def unapply(t: Terminated): Option[ActorRef[Nothing]] = Some(t.ref)
- }