问题背景

公司配发的电脑是 macOS，日常开发需要访问 Linux 虚拟机，出于安全方面的考虑，只能通过跳板机登录。这阻止了大多数远程图形界面的使用，让写代码的工作变得复杂起来，市面上非常好用的 VSCode 都用不了。因此考虑基于 vim 搭建一套个人开发环境，需要支持以下特性：

• 语法高亮 (风格可切换)
• 自动格式化
• 函数或变量定义跳转
• 函数或变量引用跳转
• 成员函数或变量下拉列表提示
• 函数或变量 TAB 键自动补齐
• 快速查找
• ……

考察了多种方案后，决定基于目前比较流行的 neovim 来打造，不过它面向的是比较新的 Linux 发行版，不知道我这个老的 CentOS7 能不能带起来，本文就是一个探索过程。

系统环境

开始之前，先罗列下老旧系统的配置：

• 硬件
  • CPU： 2.40GHz * 2 核
  • 内存： 16G
  • 存储： 40G + 100G
• 软件
  • 系统：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
  • kernel：3.10.0-1160.21.1.el7.x86_64
  • rpm：4.11.3
  • gcc：4.8.5 (备选 8.2)
  • glibc：2.17
  • make：GNU make 3.82
  • openssl：1.0.2k
  • git：1.8
  • wget：1.14
  • python: 3.6.8

确实是老旧，都是公司成本控制的泪~

软件安装

整个搭建过程是比较坎坷的，常常是装了 Z 之后才发现它依赖 X、Y，去安装 X、Y 的时候又发现一坨问题……这里为了直接上手，改为正叙模式，按这个方式一步步安装、升级，应该是没问题的。如果你的系统上已经存在依赖的软件且版本一致或更新，可以忽略对应安装过程。

在 Linux 上安装软件，一般有源码安装和包管理器安装两种方式，后者在 CentOS 上就是 yum 了，然而软件源提供的软件一般版本较低，有时需要使用前者，这就比较依赖 wget、git、gcc 和 make 了，这也是在上一节中列出他们版本的原因，在开始安装各种软件之前，需要首先升级他们。

基础软件升级

gcc

系统提供的 4.8.5 编译基本是够用的，后面代码格式化需要用到的 clang-format 模块如果是源码方式安装，要求 gcc 至少是 5.1，如果你有 5.1 及以上的 gcc 那更好。没有也没关系，本文会用其它方式绕过，毕竟升级 gcc 是一项大工程，没有半天是搞不定的，太耽误功夫。

虽然不必升级 gcc，但是一些代码库使用的高版本 gcc 默认了 -std=c99 选项，这点对老版本非常不友好，为此需要特意告诉老 gcc 编译器这个选项。具体就是修改 gcc 的 spec 文件，首先是确认当前系统 gcc 加载的 spec 文件：

> strace -e file gcc 2>&1 | grep specs
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

目前看是没有，需要使用 gcc 析出一份默认的：

> sudo bash -c 'gcc -dumpspecs > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs'

注意析出的路径就是上面加载路径中的第一条，内容如下：

 *asm:
%{m32:--32}  %{m32|mx32:;:--64}  %{mx32:--x32}  %{!mno-sse2avx:%{mavx:-msse2avx}} %{msse2avx:%{!mavx:-msse2avx}}
*asm_debug:
%{!g0:%{gstabs*:--gstabs}%{!gstabs*:%{g*:--gdwarf2}}} %{fdebug-prefix-map=*:--debug-prefix-map %*}
*asm_final:
%{gsplit-dwarf:
       objcopy --extract-dwo 	 %{c:%{o*:%*}%{!o*:%b%O}}%{!c:%U%O} 	 %{c:%{o*:%:replace-extension(%{o*:%*} .dwo)}%{!o*:%b.dwo}}%{!c:%b.dwo}
       objcopy --strip-dwo 	 %{c:%{o*:%*}%{!o*:%b%O}}%{!c:%U%O}     }
*asm_options:
%{-target-help:%:print-asm-header()} %{v} %{w:-W} %{I*} %a %Y %{c:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %w%b%O}}%{!c:-o %d%w%u%O}
*invoke_as:
%{!fwpa:   %{fcompare-debug=*|fdump-final-insns=*:%:compare-debug-dump-opt()}   %{!S:-o %|.s |
 as %(asm_options) %m.s %A }  }
*cpp:
%{posix:-D_POSIX_SOURCE} %{pthread:-D_REENTRANT}
*cpp_options:
%(cpp_unique_options) %1 %{m*} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{f*} %{g*:%{!g0:%{g*} %{!fno-working-directory:-fworking-directory}}} %{O*} %{undef} %{save-temps*:-fpch-preprocess}
*cpp_debug_options:
%{d*}
*cpp_unique_options:
%{!Q:-quiet} %{nostdinc*} %{C} %{CC} %{v} %{I*&F*} %{P} %I %{MD:-MD %{!o:%b.d}%{o*:%.d%*}} %{MMD:-MMD %{!o:%b.d}%{o*:%.d%*}} %{M} %{MM} %{MF*} %{MG} %{MP} %{MQ*} %{MT*} %{!E:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!MT:%{!MQ:%{MD|MMD:%{o*:-MQ %*}}}}}}} %{remap} %{g3|ggdb3|gstabs3|gcoff3|gxcoff3|gvms3:-dD} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %{H} %C %{D*&U*&A*} %{i*} %Z %i %{fmudflap:-D_MUDFLAP -include mf-runtime.h} %{fmudflapth:-D_MUDFLAP -D_MUDFLAPTH -include mf-runtime.h} %{E|M|MM:%W{o*}}
*trad_capable_cpp:
cc1 -E %{traditional|traditional-cpp:-traditional-cpp}
*cc1:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-cc:%(cc1_cpu) %{profile:-p};:%(cc1_cpu) %{profile:-p} %{!mglibc:%{!muclibc:%{!mbionic: -mbionic}}} %{!fno-pic:%{!fno-PIC:%{!fpic:%{!fPIC: -fPIC}}}}}
*cc1_options:
%{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are incompatible}} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %1 %{!Q:-quiet} %{!dumpbase:-dumpbase %B} %{d*} %{m*} %{aux-info*} %{fcompare-debug-second:%:compare-debug-auxbase-opt(%b)}  %{!fcompare-debug-second:%{c|S:%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}}%{!c:%{!S:-auxbase %b}}  %{g*} %{O*} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{v:-version} %{pg:-p} %{p} %{f*} %{undef} %{Qn:-fno-ident} %{Qy:} %{-help:--help} %{-target-help:--target-help} %{-version:--version} %{-help=*:--help=%*} %{!fsyntax-only:%{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}}} %{fsyntax-only:-o %j} %{-param*} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:-fno-builtin -fno-merge-constants} %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage}
*cc1plus:
*link_gcc_c_sequence:
%{static:--start-group} %G %L %{static:--end-group}%{!static:%G}
*link_ssp:
%{fstack-protector:}
*endfile:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{Ofast|ffast-math|funsafe-math-optimizations:crtfastmath.o%s}    %{mpc32:crtprec32.o%s}    %{mpc64:crtprec64.o%s}    %{mpc80:crtprec80.o%s} %{shared|pie:crtendS.o%s;:crtend.o%s} crtn.o%s;:%{Ofast|ffast-math|funsafe-math-optimizations:crtfastmath.o%s}    %{mpc32:crtprec32.o%s}    %{mpc64:crtprec64.o%s}    %{mpc80:crtprec80.o%s} %{shared: crtend_so%O%s;: crtend_android%O%s}}
*link:
%{!r:--build-id} --no-add-needed %{!static:--eh-frame-hdr} --hash-style=gnu %{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{m32|mx32:;:-m elf_x86_64}                    %{m32:-m elf_i386}                    %{mx32:-m elf32_x86_64}   %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}       %{m32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker;:/lib/ld-linux.so.2}}}       %{m32|mx32:;:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld64-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker64;:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2}}}       %{mx32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ldx32-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linkerx32;:/libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2}}}}     %{static:-static}};:%{m32|mx32:;:-m elf_x86_64}                    %{m32:-m elf_i386}                    %{mx32:-m elf32_x86_64}   %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}       %{m32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker;:/lib/ld-linux.so.2}}}       %{m32|mx32:;:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ld64-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linker64;:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2}}}       %{mx32:-dynamic-linker %{muclibc:/lib/ldx32-uClibc.so.0;:%{mbionic:/system/bin/linkerx32;:/libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2}}}}     %{static:-static}} %{shared: -Bsymbolic}}
*lib:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{pthread:-lpthread}    %{shared:-lc}    %{!shared:%{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{profile:-lc_p}%{!profile:-lc}};:%{pthread:-lpthread}    %{shared:-lc}    %{!shared:%{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{profile:-lc_p}%{!profile:-lc}} %{!static: -ldl}}
*mfwrap:
 %{static: %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:  --wrap=malloc --wrap=free --wrap=calloc --wrap=realloc --wrap=mmap --wrap=mmap64 --wrap=munmap --wrap=alloca} %{fmudflapth: --wrap=pthread_create}} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth: --wrap=main}
*mflib:
%{fmudflap|fmudflapth: -export-dynamic}
*link_gomp:
*libgcc:
%{static|static-libgcc:-lgcc -lgcc_eh}%{!static:%{!static-libgcc:%{!shared-libgcc:-lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed}%{shared-libgcc:-lgcc_s%{!shared: -lgcc}}}}
*startfile:
%{!mandroid|tno-android-ld:%{!shared: %{pg|p|profile:gcrt1.o%s;pie:Scrt1.o%s;:crt1.o%s}}    crti.o%s %{static:crtbeginT.o%s;shared|pie:crtbeginS.o%s;:crtbegin.o%s};:%{shared: crtbegin_so%O%s;:  %{static: crtbegin_static%O%s;: crtbegin_dynamic%O%s}}}
*cross_compile:
0
*version:
4.8.5
*multilib:
. !m64 !m32;64:../lib64 m64 !m32;32:../lib !m64 m32;
*multilib_defaults:
m64
*multilib_extra:
*multilib_matches:
m64 m64;m32 m32;
*multilib_exclusions:
*multilib_options:
m64/m32
*multilib_reuse:
*linker:
collect2
*linker_plugin_file:
*lto_wrapper:
*lto_gcc:
*link_libgcc:
%D
*md_exec_prefix:
*md_startfile_prefix:
*md_startfile_prefix_1:
*startfile_prefix_spec:
*sysroot_spec:
--sysroot=%R
*sysroot_suffix_spec:
*sysroot_hdrs_suffix_spec:
*self_spec:
*cc1_cpu:
%{march=native:%>march=native %:local_cpu_detect(arch)   %{!mtune=*:%>mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}} %{mtune=native:%>mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}
*link_command:
%{!fsyntax-only:%{!c:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!E:%{!S:    %(linker) %{!fno-use-linker-plugin:%{flto|flto=*|fuse-linker-plugin:     -plugin %(linker_plugin_file)     -plugin-opt=%(lto_wrapper)     -plugin-opt=-fresolution=%u.res     %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%:pass-through-libs(%(link_gcc_c_sequence))}}     }}%{flto|flto=*:%<fcompare-debug*}     %{flto} %{flto=*} %l %{pie:-pie} %{fuse-ld=*:-fuse-ld=%*}    %X %{o*} %{e*} %{N} %{n} %{r}    %{s} %{t} %{u*} %{z} %{Z} %{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%S}}    %{static:} %{L*} %(mfwrap) %(link_libgcc) %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%{fsanitize=address:%{!shared:libasan_preinit%O%s} %{static-libasan:%{!shared:-Bstatic --whole-archive -lasan --no-whole-archive -Bdynamic}}%{!static-libasan:-lasan}}     %{fsanitize=thread:%{static-libtsan:%{!shared:-Bstatic --whole-archive -ltsan --no-whole-archive -Bdynamic}}%{!static-libtsan:-ltsan}}}} %o    %{fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:%:include(libgomp.spec)%(link_gomp)}    %{fgnu-tm:%:include(libitm.spec)%(link_itm)}    %(mflib)  %{fsplit-stack: --wrap=pthread_create}    %{fprofile-arcs|fprofile-generate*|coverage:-lgcov} %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%{fsanitize=address: %{static-libasan:-ldl -lpthread}    %{static:%ecannot specify -static with -fsanitize=address}    %{fsanitize=thread:%e-fsanitize=address is incompatible with -fsanitize=thread}}    %{fsanitize=thread: %{static-libtsan:-ldl -lpthread}    %{!pie:%{!shared:%e-fsanitize=thread linking must be done with -pie or -shared}}}}}     %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%(link_ssp) %(link_gcc_c_sequence)}}    %{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%E}} %{T*} }}}}}}

信息比较多，定位到关键字 *cc1_options:, 在 %{w} 和 %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} 之间添加 -std=c99：

> cat /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs.c99 | grep c99
%{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are incompatible}} %{!iplugindir*:%{fplugin*:%:find-plugindir()}} %1 %{!Q:-quiet} %{!dumpbase:-dumpbase %B} %{d*} %{m*} %{aux-info*} %{fcompare-debug-second:%:compare-debug-auxbase-opt(%b)}  %{!fcompare-debug-second:%{c|S:%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}}%{!c:%{!S:-auxbase %b}}  %{g*} %{O*} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} -std=c99 %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{v:-version} %{pg:-p} %{p} %{f*} %{undef} %{Qn:-fno-ident} %{Qy:} %{-help:--help} %{-target-help:--target-help} %{-version:--version} %{-help=*:--help=%*} %{!fsyntax-only:%{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}}} %{fsyntax-only:-o %j} %{-param*} %{fmudflap|fmudflapth:-fno-builtin -fno-merge-constants} %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage}

再次运行 gcc，确认已加载修改后的 spec 文件：

> gcc -v
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/specs
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)

第一行的输出符合预期，整个过程可参考附录 4。

如果不进行这个设置，后面在编译 lsp-server 中的 lsp-kind.nvim & nvim-lspconfig 模块时会失败：

glibc

系统提供的 2.17 不行，clangd 需要至少 2.18，否则 neovim 中跳转相关的键 (gd/gD) 会失效，而 yum 上没有大于 2.17 版本的软件可用，需要手动更新下：

# 通过网盘链接下载 rpm 包
# 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QAyqa04iZ45q1-HqeYH80Q?pwd=1234 提取码: 1234 
> ls -lh *.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 3.6M May 17 16:28 glibc-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  12M May 17 16:28 glibc-common-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.1M May 17 16:28 glibc-devel-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 648K May 17 16:28 glibc-headers-2.18-11.fc20.x86_64.rpm
> sudo rpm -Uvh --nodeps --force glibc-*.rpm
> ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.18
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.

具体升级过程可参考附录 2。

make

系统提供的 3.82 GNU Make 基本够用。

openssl

系统提供的 1.0.2k 基本够用。

git

系统提供的 1.8 版本不行，需要升级到 2.38，否则不能识别 rebase=false 参数，导致插件更新时拉取代码库失败：

当时直接使用 yum install git 升级的版本还是比较低，所以我是手动安装的，但也取了个巧，直接安装了个 rpm 来更新 CentOS7 的软件源：

> sudo yum install https://packages.endpointdev.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/endpoint-repo.x86_64.rpm
> sudo yum install git
> git --version
git version 2.38.1

从而找到更新版本的 git，省了不少事。后来这个源还更新了，现在安装的话是 2.43 版本。

另外最好更新 /etc/hosts 文件以便加快对 github.com 的访问速度：

> cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
140.82.114.3 github.com
140.82.114.10 nodeload.github.com
140.82.114.6 api.github.com
140.82.114.10 codeload.github.com

这里的 ip 都是通过反查相关域名得到的，可能会有所不同，详情参考附录 3。

wget

系统提供的 1.14 版本不行，在拉取部分 lsp-server 时会出错 (cpp/lua)，需要升级到 1.21.3：

> curl -o wget-latest.tar.gz http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/wget/wget-latest.tar.gz
> tar xvf wget-latest.tar.gz
> cd wget-1.21.3
> ./configure --with-ssl=openssl
> make -j8
> sudo make install
> wget --version
GNU Wget 1.21.3 built on linux-gnu.
-cares +digest -gpgme +https +ipv6 -iri +large-file -metalink +nls
+ntlm +opie -psl +ssl/openssl
Wgetrc:
    /usr/local/etc/wgetrc (system)
Locale:
    /usr/local/share/locale
Compile:
    gcc -std=gnu11 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
    -DSYSTEM_WGETRC="/usr/local/etc/wgetrc"
    -DLOCALEDIR="/usr/local/share/locale" -I. -I../lib -I../lib
    -DHAVE_LIBSSL -DNDEBUG -g -O2
Link:
    gcc -std=gnu11 -DHAVE_LIBSSL -DNDEBUG -g -O2 -lpcre -lssl -lcrypto
    -lz ../lib/libgnu.a
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Originally written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>.
Please send bug reports and questions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>.

目前的 wget-lastest 指向的最新版本是 1.24.5。

python3

系统提供的 3.6.8 版本勉强够用，clang-format 编译安装要求 python 至少为 3.8 版本，可以选择安装 Python 3.8.1：

> sudo yum install libffi-devel
> wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/Python-3.8.1.tgz
> tar -xvf Python-3.8.1.tgz
> cd Python-3.8.1
> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
> make -j8
> sudo make altinstall
> sudo ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
> sudo ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3

不过可以通过直接下载 clang-format 来忽略这步，所以这里的 python3 没有升级，具体操作步骤在安装 clang-format 时介绍。

cargo

rust 的包管理器，系统未提供，需要单独安装：

> sudo yum install cargo
> cargo --version
cargo 1.65.0

用于后续安装 fd，它是一款 find 的替代者，可以实现更高效的文件查找，目前 yum 上最新的版本是 1.72.1。

go

go 语言编译器，系统未提供，需要单独安装：

> sudo yum install go
> go version
go version go1.17.12 linux/amd64

用来后续编译安装 efm-langserver，它是一款代码审查工具。目前 yum 源最新 go 版本是 1.20.12。为避免后续安装过程中出现网络访问错误的问题，可提前设置以下代理：

> go env -w GO111MODULE=on
> go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
> go env -w GOPRIVATE=*.corp.example.com

sqlite3

本地数据库，系统未提供，需要单独安装：

> sudo yum install sqlite sqlite-devel
> sqlite3 --version
3.7.17 2013-05-20 00:56:22 118a3b35693b134d56ebd780123b7fd6f1497668

用于后续安装 scheme ，它是一款语法高亮插件，使用 sqlite3 存储信息。

升级后

• gcc：4.8.5
• glibc：2.18
• make：GNU make 3.82
• openssl：1.0.2k
• git：2.43
• wget：1.24.5
• python: 3.6.8
• cargo：1.72.1
• go：1.20.12
• sqlite3：3.7.17

依赖软件安装

rg

全名 ripgrep，是 grep 替代者，功能更强大，不能直接使用 yum 安装，通过添加 yum 源的方式来曲线安装：

> sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/carlwgeorge/ripgrep/repo/epel-7/carlwgeorge-ripgrep-epel-7.repo
> sudo yum install ripgrep
> rg --version
ripgrep 13.0.0
-SIMD -AVX (compiled)
+SIMD +AVX (runtime)

源是固定的，版本目前仍保持 13.0.0。

fd

全名 fd-find，用来替代 find，功能更强大，有之前安装 cargo 的基础，直接安装：

> cargo install fd-find
> sudo cp ~/.cargo/bin/fd /usr/local/bin/
> fd --version 
fd 8.5.3

基于最新的 cargo 1.72.1 安装会报错：

> cargo install fd-find
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded fd-find v10.1.0
...
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:8c::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded jemalloc-sys v0.5.4+5.3.0-patched
  Downloaded 64 crates (8.2 MB) in 3m 10s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1.8 MB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v10.1.0`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installBfI2hZ`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.
Caused by:
  package `clap_complete v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

看起来需要升级 rustc (1.74 > 1.72.1)，不过看到要安装的 fd-find 版本为 10.1.0，好像受到了启发，直接指定 fd-find 的版本为 8.5.3 重试：

> cargo install fd-find --version 8.5.3
  Downloaded fd-find v8.5.3
  Downloaded 1 crate (114.1 KB) in 9.31s
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v8.5.3
    Updating crates.io index
...
  Downloaded 22 crates (2.2 MB) in 1m 07s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1013.8 KB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v8.5.3`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installmg1If6`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.
Caused by:
  package `clap_complete v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

仍然失败，叔可忍婶不可忍，直接按提示加 --locked 选项：

 > cargo install fd-find --version 8.5.3 --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v8.5.3
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2600:9000:20e4:fe00:1f:a9f5:69c0:93a1: Network is unreachable)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: package `crossbeam-channel v0.5.6` in Cargo.lock is yanked in registry `crates-io`, consider running without --locked
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
  Downloaded ctrlc v3.2.3
  Downloaded termcolor v1.1.3
  Downloaded crossbeam-utils v0.8.12
  Downloaded time v0.1.44
  Downloaded clap_complete v4.0.5
  Downloaded clap_derive v4.0.21
  Downloaded num-traits v0.2.15
  Downloaded thread_local v1.1.4
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.47
  Downloaded memchr v2.5.0
  Downloaded jemallocator v0.5.0
  Downloaded iana-time-zone v0.1.51
  Downloaded os_str_bytes v6.3.0
  Downloaded unicode-ident v1.0.5
  Downloaded globset v0.4.9
  Downloaded heck v0.4.0
  Downloaded clap v4.0.22
  Downloaded num-integer v0.1.45
  Downloaded proc-macro-error v1.0.4
  Downloaded quote v1.0.21
  Downloaded fs_extra v1.2.0
  Downloaded anyhow v1.0.66
  Downloaded fnv v1.0.7
  Downloaded nix v0.24.2
  Downloaded terminal_size v0.2.1
  Downloaded clap_lex v0.3.0
  Downloaded ignore v0.4.18
  Downloaded proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
  Downloaded io-lifetimes v0.7.4
  Downloaded log v0.4.17
  Downloaded regex v1.6.0
  Downloaded cc v1.0.73
  Downloaded once_cell v1.15.0
  Downloaded num_cpus v1.13.1
  Downloaded syn v1.0.103
  Downloaded rustix v0.35.12
  Downloaded nix v0.25.0
  Downloaded autocfg v1.1.0
  Downloaded crossbeam-channel v0.5.6
  Downloaded regex-syntax v0.6.27
  Downloaded bstr v0.2.17
  Downloaded chrono v0.4.22
  Downloaded linux-raw-sys v0.0.46
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:8c::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded walkdir v2.3.2
  Downloaded jemalloc-sys v0.5.2+5.3.0-patched
  Downloaded aho-corasick v0.7.19
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `libc v0.2.136` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded libc v0.2.136
  Downloaded 47 crates (5.7 MB) in 3m 17s
   Compiling libc v0.2.136
   Compiling cfg-if v1.0.0
   Compiling version_check v0.9.4
   Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.47
   Compiling unicode-ident v1.0.5
   Compiling bitflags v1.3.2
   Compiling quote v1.0.21
   Compiling autocfg v1.1.0
   Compiling memchr v2.5.0
   Compiling proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
   Compiling io-lifetimes v0.7.4
   Compiling syn v1.0.103
   Compiling proc-macro-error v1.0.4
   Compiling log v0.4.17
   Compiling rustix v0.35.12
   Compiling num-traits v0.2.15
   Compiling crossbeam-utils v0.8.12
   Compiling cc v1.0.73
   Compiling fs_extra v1.2.0
   Compiling once_cell v1.15.0
   Compiling linux-raw-sys v0.0.46
   Compiling jemalloc-sys v0.5.2+5.3.0-patched
   Compiling aho-corasick v0.7.19
   Compiling num-integer v0.1.45
   Compiling os_str_bytes v6.3.0
   Compiling regex-syntax v0.6.27
   Compiling heck v0.4.0
   Compiling clap_derive v4.0.21
   Compiling regex v1.6.0
   Compiling clap_lex v0.3.0
   Compiling terminal_size v0.2.1
   Compiling bstr v0.2.17
   Compiling atty v0.2.14
   Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
   Compiling strsim v0.10.0
   Compiling same-file v1.0.6
   Compiling fnv v1.0.7
   Compiling termcolor v1.1.3
   Compiling anyhow v1.0.66
   Compiling clap v4.0.22
   Compiling globset v0.4.9
   Compiling walkdir v2.3.2
   Compiling thread_local v1.1.4
   Compiling nix v0.25.0
   Compiling nix v0.24.2
   Compiling dirs-sys-next v0.1.2
   Compiling time v0.1.44
   Compiling fd-find v8.5.3
   Compiling ansi_term v0.12.1
   Compiling iana-time-zone v0.1.51
   Compiling chrono v0.4.22
   Compiling lscolors v0.12.0
   Compiling dirs-next v2.0.0
   Compiling argmax v0.3.1
   Compiling ctrlc v3.2.3
   Compiling ignore v0.4.18
   Compiling clap_complete v4.0.5
   Compiling jemallocator v0.5.0
   Compiling crossbeam-channel v0.5.6
   Compiling users v0.11.0
   Compiling num_cpus v1.13.1
   Compiling humantime v2.1.0
   Compiling normpath v0.3.2
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 10m 44s
warning: the following packages contain code that will be rejected by a future version of Rust: fs_extra v1.2.0
note: to see what the problems were, use the option `--future-incompat-report`, or run `cargo report future-incompatibilities --id 1`
  Installing /home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin/fd
   Installed package `fd-find v8.5.3` (executable `fd`)
warning: be sure to add `/home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin` to your PATH to be able to run the installed binaries

这回成功了。尝试为之前安装失败的 10.1.0 版本增加 --locked 选项：

> cargo install fd-find --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing fd-find v10.1.0
    Updating crates.io index
warning: package `libc v0.2.154` in Cargo.lock is yanked in registry `crates-io`, consider running without --locked
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.81
  Downloaded anyhow v1.0.82
  Downloaded serde v1.0.200
  Downloaded errno v0.3.8
  Downloaded cc v1.0.96
  Downloaded syn v2.0.60
  Downloaded libc v0.2.154
  Downloaded linux-raw-sys v0.4.13
  Downloaded 8 crates (2.8 MB) in 1m 27s (largest was `linux-raw-sys` at 1.5 MB)
error: failed to compile `fd-find v10.1.0`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installVoh51U`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.
Caused by:
  package `clap_builder v4.5.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1

仍然不行，看来回退 8.5.3 是唯一的解决办法。之前还探索过将 cargo 版本降为 1.65.0：

> sudo yum remove cargo
> sudo yum install cargo-1.65.0-1.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Excluding 1 update due to versionlock (use "yum versionlock status" to show it)
No package cargo-1.65.0-1.el7.x86_64 available.
Error: Nothing to do

未能成功。在网上也没搜到 1.65.0 的 cargo rpm 包，只能作罢。不清楚为何 1.72.1 的 cargo 要求 1.74 的 rustc，严重怀疑这是一个 bug。

书归正题，在安装完 fd 8.5.3 后需要按提示将 fd 移到 /usr/loca/bin：

> sudo cp /home/users/yunhai01/.cargo/bin/fd /usr/local/bin/
> fd --version
fd 8.5.3

否则 neovim 找不到。

tree-sitter

是一个解析器生成工具和增量解析库，在 nvim 中主要用作 latex 语言解析器、以及 rainbow-delimiters.nvim 和 nvim-treesitter.nvim 插件的底层支持。rainbow-delimiters 主要用于多种语言的语法高亮，特别是多括号的展示；nvim-treesitter 主要用于高效代码导航与编辑，是 IDE 不可或缺的底层组件。

可以使用 cargo 安装：

> cargo install tree-sitter-cli

会遇到和安装 fd 类似的问题：

 > cargo install tree-sitter-cli
    Updating crates.io index
  Installing tree-sitter-cli v0.22.6
    Updating crates.io index
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30001 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation timed out after 30001 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds)
  Downloaded httpdate v1.0.3
  Downloaded equivalent v1.0.1
  Downloaded tiny_http v0.12.0
  Downloaded anstyle-query v1.1.0
  Downloaded ascii v1.1.0
  Downloaded dirs-sys v0.4.1
  Downloaded serde_derive v1.0.203
  Downloaded tempfile v3.10.1
  Downloaded clap_builder v4.5.6
  Downloaded webbrowser v1.0.1
  Downloaded tree-sitter-config v0.22.6
  Downloaded tree-sitter-tags v0.22.6
  Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.85
  Downloaded percent-encoding v2.3.1
  Downloaded unicode-normalization v0.1.23
  Downloaded semver v1.0.23
  Downloaded libloading v0.8.3
  Downloaded filetime v0.2.23
  Downloaded idna v0.5.0
  Downloaded ahash v0.8.11
  Downloaded itoa v1.0.11
  Downloaded form_urlencoded v1.2.1
  Downloaded zerocopy v0.7.34
  Downloaded wasmparser v0.206.0
  Downloaded option-ext v0.2.0
  Downloaded dirs v5.0.1
  Downloaded serde_json v1.0.117
  Downloaded chunked_transfer v1.5.0
  Downloaded ryu v1.0.18
  Downloaded tree-sitter v0.22.6
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [35] SSL connect error (TCP connection reset by peer)
  Downloaded thiserror-impl v1.0.61
  Downloaded clap_lex v0.7.1
  Downloaded serde v1.0.203
  Downloaded unicode-bidi v0.3.15
  Downloaded glob v0.3.1
  Downloaded tree-sitter-loader v0.22.6
  Downloaded indexmap v2.2.6
  Downloaded fastrand v2.1.0
  Downloaded url v2.5.0
  Downloaded indoc v2.0.5
  Downloaded tinyvec_macros v0.1.1
  Downloaded rustc-hash v1.1.0
  Downloaded clap v4.5.6
  Downloaded html-escape v0.2.13
  Downloaded clap_derive v4.5.5
  Downloaded tree-sitter-highlight v0.22.6
  Downloaded fs4 v0.8.3
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `difference v2.0.0` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded difference v2.0.0
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [7] Couldn't connect to server (Failed to connect to 2a04:4e42:1a::649: Network is unreachable)
  Downloaded utf8-width v0.1.7
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `hashbrown v0.14.5` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded hashbrown v0.14.5
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `smallbitvec v2.5.3` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded smallbitvec v2.5.3
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `thiserror v1.0.61` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded thiserror v1.0.61
warning: spurious network error (3 tries remaining): [28] Timeout was reached (download of `tinyvec v1.6.0` failed to transfer more than 10 bytes in 30s)
  Downloaded tinyvec v1.6.0
  Downloaded 53 crates (2.7 MB) in 4m 35s
error: failed to compile `tree-sitter-cli v0.22.6`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installFBNfkt`.
To reuse those artifacts with a future compilation, set the environment variable `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` to that path.
Caused by:
  package `tree-sitter-highlight v0.22.6` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.74.1 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.72.1
  Try re-running cargo install with `--locked`

增加 --locked 选项应该可以解决问题，使用 cargo 1.72.1 目前安装的版本为 0.22.6，这个版本运行依赖较高的 glibc，所以放弃。

通过官方提示的 npm 方式安装的结果也差不多：

> npm install tree-sitter-cli
added 1 package in 10m
> ls -lh node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/
total 25M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  303 Jun  7 12:13 cli.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  14K Jun  7 12:13 dsl.d.ts
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 3.4K Jun  7 12:13 install.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.1K Jun  7 12:13 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  534 Jun  7 12:13 package.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD 1.7K Jun  7 12:13 README.md
-rwxr-xr-x 1 yunhai01 DOORGOD  25M Jun  7 12:23 tree-sitter
> node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter --version
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.25' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)
node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by node_modules/tree-sitter-cli/tree-sitter)

最早之前安装的 0.20.7 版本是 ok 的，想通过这种方式安装的朋友，可以指定版本试一下。注意这两种方式安装后的文件分别位于 ~/.cargo/bin 和 ./node_modules/tree-sitter-cli 下，需要手动复制到 /usr/local/bin 以便生效。

现在介绍第三种安装方式，不依赖 cargo、npm 等包管理器，直接定位到 tree-sitter 官方下载页面，选择 0.20.4 版本，对于我的 CentOS7 x64 版本，选择 tree-sitter-linux-x64.gz 下载即可：

> gunzip tree-sitter-linux-x64.gz 
> chmod u+x tree-sitter-linux-x64
> sudo mv tree-sitter-linux-x64 /usr/local/bin
> tree-sitter --version
tree-sitter 0.20.4 (714bfd47a744ab44b904375c177a24c0614ef49c)

按上一面一步步执行就安装好了，亲测高于 0.20.4 的版本就有 glibc 兼容问题 (>2.18)。

efm-langserver

实现智能 IDE 的核心，基于 go 语言开发，使用 go 编译安装：

> go install github.com/mattn/efm-langserver@latest

安装后没有找到 efm-langserver，经查，go 1.20 之后，需要通过 GOPATH 环境变量来指定安装目录：

> export GOPATH=/ext/tools
> go install github.com/mattn/efm-langserver@latest
go: downloading github.com/mattn/efm-langserver v0.0.53
go: downloading github.com/sourcegraph/jsonrpc2 v0.2.0
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-unicodeclass v0.0.2
go: downloading github.com/reviewdog/errorformat v0.0.0-20240311054359-739e471a49b3

同样需要复制到 /usr/local/bin 目录以便全局生效：

> sudo cp bin/efm-langserver /usr/local/bin
> efm-langserver -v
efm-langserver 0.0.53 (rev: HEAD/go1.20.12)

比之前安装的版本略高一些：

> efm-langserver -v
efm-langserver 0.0.44 (rev: 36a4d81/go1.17.12)

Font

下载可支持符号的字体，例如：Nerd Font，在 macOS 上的安装非常简单，直接双击 ttf 文件安装：

然后在 macOS 终端上指定该字体，这里我使用的是 iTerm2，其它终端大同小异：

iTerm2 有以下 UI 路径：iTerm2 -> settings -> Profiles -> Default -> Text -> Font。下面是安装带符号字体前后的对比：

状态栏很多不能显示的符号都正常了 (标签页的仍保持问号，可能是一个特殊符号 Nerd Font 不支持)。

neovim

IDE 的载体，不使用 yum 安装，原因是 yum 上目前只有 0.3 版本的 neovim，而支持现代化 IDE 核心的 packer 包管理器至少需要 0.7 版本。这里使用 curl 直接下载最新版本：

> curl -LO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage

启动：

> chmod u+x nvim.appimage
> ./nvim.appimage

报错：

/tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim)
/tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim: /lib64/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /tmp/.mount_nvim.aw3KspQ/usr/bin/nvim)

看起来需要升级 glibc 2.29，为了避免再次更新 glibc，这里直接选择可以成功安装的 neovim 0.9.2 版本：

> wget https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/download/v0.9.2/nvim.appimage

友情提示：可以在 web 端下载后传递给虚拟机，macOS 访问 github 要比虚拟机快许多。

下载成功后，运行 nvim.appimage 可以自动释放目标文件：

> chmod u+x nvim.appimage
> ./nvim.appimage

如果运行后没有产生 squashfs-root 目录，说明系统缺乏 FUSE (用户空间文件系统)，需要手动释放一下：

> ./nvim.appimage --appimage-extract

设置到 /usr/local/bin 后就可以被全局引用了：

> sudo ln -s $PWD/squashfs-root/AppRun /usr/local/bin/nvim
> nvim --version
NVIM v0.9.2
Build type: Release
LuaJIT 2.1.1692716794
   system vimrc file: "$VIM/sysinit.vim"
  fall-back for $VIM: "/__w/neovim/neovim/build/nvim.AppDir/usr/share/nvim"
Run :checkhealth for more info

nvimdots

IDE 的实现，按照 github 主页 README 的说明直接安装：

if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
else
    bash -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
fi

脚本会自动判断 neovim 版本并进行适配：

> bash -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"
--2024-05-24 15:32:21--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ayamir/nvimdots/HEAD/scripts/install.sh
Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com... 185.199.108.133, 185.199.109.133, 185.199.111.133, ...
Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com|185.199.108.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7830 (7.6K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘STDOUT’
-                                               100%[======================================================================================================>]   7.65K  6.79KB/s    in 1.1s
2024-05-24 15:32:25 (6.79 KB/s) - written to stdout [7830/7830]
==> This script will install ayamir/nvimdots to:
/home/users/yunhai01/.config/nvim
Press RETURN/ENTER to continue or any other key to abort...
==> Validating SSH connection...
Do you prefer to use SSH to fetch and update plugins? (otherwise HTTPS) [Y/n]:
==> Checking 'git clone' preferences...
Would you like to perform a shallow clone ('--depth=1')? [Y/n]:
==> Fetching in progress...
Cloning into '/home/users/yunhai01/.config/nvim'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 170, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (170/170), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (162/162), done.
remote: Total 170 (delta 5), reused 73 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (170/170), 108.87 KiB | 203.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), done.
==> Spawning Neovim and fetching plugins... (You'll be redirected shortly)
==> NOTE: Please make sure you have a Rust Toolchain installed via `rustup`! Otherwise, unexpected things may
          happen. See: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install.
==> If lazy.nvim failed to fetch any plugin(s), maunally execute `:Lazy sync` until everything is up-to-date.
Thank you for using this set of configuration!
- Project Homepage:
    https://github.com/ayamir/nvimdots
- Further documentation (including executables you must install for full functionality):
    https://github.com/ayamir/nvimdots/wiki/Prerequisites
Press RETURN/ENTER to continue or any other key to abort...

执行过程中会让用户进行若干选项，都按默认处理就可以了。到这里所有必需软件就都安装完成了，按任意键将进入插件的安装，具体内容在下一节介绍。

安装后的目录位于：~/.config/nvim/。注意这里不要选择 neovim 0.8.1 (说的就是我)，否则后面启动插件管理器时会报错：

Error executing Lua callback: ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: Vim(append):Error executing lua callback: ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiter
s.lua:50: attempt to call field 'get_lang' (a nil value)
stack traceback:
        ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:50: in function 'attach'
        ...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:151: in function <...zy/rainbow-delimiters.nvim/plugin/rainbow-delimiters.lua:151>
        [C]: in function '__newindex'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: in function 'mount'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:75: in function 'init'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:53: in function 'create'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:38: in function 'show'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:38: in function 'command'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:24: in function 'cmd'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:111: in function <...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:98>
stack traceback:
        [C]: in function '__newindex'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:159: in function 'mount'
        ...l/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/float.lua:75: in function 'init'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:53: in function 'create'
        ...al/share/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/init.lua:38: in function 'show'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:38: in function 'command'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:24: in function 'cmd'
        ...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:111: in function <...hare/nvim/site/lazy/lazy.nvim/lua/lazy/view/commands.lua:98>