桌面应用自动化WinAppDriver入门

关于winappdriver

介绍

• WinAppDriver全称是Windows Application Driver，它提供了一些API，使得用户可以像selenium操作web一样来操作windows的应用程序
• 它支持的系统是Windows 10 (Home and Pro) 和Windows Server 2016
• 源码暂未开源
• WinAppDriver可以独立运行，也可以作为appium的一个插件来使用

支持应用类型

• UWP – Universal Windows Platform, also known as Universal Apps or Modern Apps, It's Microsoft’s latest desktop application technology. It's XAML based. Only runs on Windows 10 machines

• WPF - also XAML based, much more mature, runs on any Windows version and has been around since 2006.

• WinForms - one of the older technologies, now found mostly on legacy applications.

  WPF和WinForms 是两套界面渲染方式。一个是对传统windows界面元素的封装，通过gdi绘制。另一个是全新的dx渲染绘制的界面，也脱离了对传统windows控件的依赖，没有历史包袱，理论上可以展现更炫酷的界面。

• MFC/Classic Windows - MFC is a UI library normally paired with Win32 applications. This option is normally chosen when more efficiency is needed with low-level C++ handling or when supporting non-Microsoft platforms.

资源

1. UIRecorder(下文不涉及,仅供参考与备忘)

1. Open WinAppDriverUIRecorder.sln in Visual Studio
2. Select Debug > Start Debugging or simply Run

支持的定位方式

配置

开启windows的开发者模式

• 你没看错，不是手机，windows也有
• 第一步：搜开发者设置
• 第二步：打开开发人员模式

• 第三步：确认启用

启动winappdriver

• 不开启开发人员模式的提示

  C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exe
  Developer mode is not enabled. Enable it through Settings and restart Windows Application Driver
  Failed to initialize: 0x80004005

• 开启后启动winappdriver

  C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exe
  Windows Application Driver listening for requests at: http://127.0.0.1:4723/
  Press ENTER to exit.

• 还可以这样启动

  WinAppDriver.exe 4727
  WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4725
  WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4723/wd/hub   # 推荐

实例

appium-python-client 版本不要用2.0+，此处是1.2.0

记事本

• 比如记事本

  from appium import webdriver
  des_cap = {}
  des_cap['app'] = r'C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe'
  driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                            desired_capabilities=des_cap)
  driver.implicitly_wait(5)
  driver.find_element_by_name('文件(F)').click()
  from time import sleep
  sleep(2)
  driver.find_element_by_name('保存(S)	Ctrl+S').click()
  # driver.find_element_by_name('退出(X)').click()
  sleep(1)
  import pyautogui
  pyautogui.PAUSE = 0.5
  pyautogui.typewrite(r'D:\hello.txt')
  pyautogui.press('enter')

• 这里的难点是保存(S) Ctrl+S的获取

• 这里需要用到inspect.exe

计算器

• 你可能会写这样的代码

from appium import webdriver
des_cap = {}
des_cap['app'] = r'C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe'
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)
driver.implicitly_wait(5)

• 但会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/demo_calc.py", line 5, in <module>
    desired_capabilities=des_cap)
  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
    AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive), desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy
  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 226, in start_session
    response = self.execute(RemoteCommand.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Failed to locate opened application window with appId: C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe, and processId: 4472
进程已结束，退出代码为 1

• 打开计算器，然后在powershell中执行如下命令

Get-StartApps |Select-String "计算器"
# 输出
@{Name=计算器; AppID=Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App} # 你要的是这里的AppID # 同理，记事本你也可以得到其appid，并自动化

• 代码

from appium import webdriver
des_cap = {}
des_cap['app'] = r'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App'
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.find_element_by_name('一').click() # 这些定位你仍然需要inspect
driver.find_element_by_name('二').click()
driver.find_element_by_name('加').click()
driver.find_element_by_name('三').click()
driver.find_element_by_name('四').click()
driver.find_element_by_name('等于').click()
# 通过inspect 获取 automationID 
print(driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('CalculatorResults').text) # 得到的是   ·显示为 46·  你仍然要处理才能做测试
driver.quit()

• 就写这么多了，你可以结合你的应用来尝试，封装。我就带到这里。

计算器测试(官网)

我没跑，仅供参考，你可以认为是为了增加篇幅

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/master/Samples/Python/calculatortest.py
import unittest
from appium import webdriver
class SimpleCalculatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(self):
        #set up appium
        desired_caps = {}
        desired_caps["app"] = "Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App"
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote(
            command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723',
            desired_capabilities= desired_caps)
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(self):
        self.driver.quit()
    def getresults(self):
        displaytext = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("CalculatorResults").text
        displaytext = displaytext.strip("Display is " )
        displaytext = displaytext.rstrip(' ')
        displaytext = displaytext.lstrip(' ')
        return displaytext
    def test_initialize(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"7")
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()
    def test_addition(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    def test_combination(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    def test_division(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    def test_multiplication(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"81") 
    def test_subtraction(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Minus").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SimpleCalculatorTests)
    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)