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【Filament】立方体贴图（6张图）
来源：cnblogs　　作者：little_fat_sheep　　时间：2024/3/1 8:42:32　　对本文有异议

1 前言

? 本文通过一个立方体贴图的例子，讲解三维纹理贴图（子网格贴图）的应用，案例中使用 6 张不同的图片给立方体贴图，图片如下。

img

? 读者如果对 Filament 不太熟悉，请回顾以下内容。

2 立方体贴图

? 本文项目结构如下，完整代码资源 → Filament立方体贴图（6张图）。

img

2.1 基础类

? 为方便读者将注意力聚焦在 Filament 的输入上，轻松配置复杂的环境依赖逻辑，笔者仿照 OpenGL ES 的写法，抽出了 FLSurfaceView、BaseModel、Mesh、MaterialUtils 和 TextureUtils 类。FLSurfaceView 与 GLSurfaceView 的功能类似，承载了渲染环境配置；BaseModel 用于管理模型的网格和材质；Mesh 用于管理模型的顶点属性；MaterialUtils 和 TextureUtils 中分别提供了一些材质和纹理相关的工具。

? build.gradle

  1. ...
  2. android {
  3.     ...
  4.     aaptOptions { // 在应用程序打包过程中不压缩的文件
  5.         noCompress 'filamat', 'ktx'
  6.     }
  7. }
  8.  
  9. dependencies {
  10.     implementation fileTree(dir: '../libs', include: ['*.aar'])
  11.     ...
  12. }

? 说明：在项目根目录下的 libs 目录中，需要放入以下 aar 文件，它们源自Filament环境搭建中编译生成的 aar。

img

? FLSurfaceView.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  4. import android.graphics.Point;
  5. import android.view.Choreographer;
  6. import android.view.Surface;
  7. import android.view.SurfaceView;
  9. import com.google.android.filament.Camera;
  10. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  11. import com.google.android.filament.EntityManager;
  12. import com.google.android.filament.Filament;
  13. import com.google.android.filament.Renderer;
  14. import com.google.android.filament.Scene;
  15. import com.google.android.filament.Skybox;
  16. import com.google.android.filament.SwapChain;
  17. import com.google.android.filament.View;
  18. import com.google.android.filament.Viewport;
  19. import com.google.android.filament.android.DisplayHelper;
  20. import com.google.android.filament.android.FilamentHelper;
  21. import com.google.android.filament.android.UiHelper;
  23. import java.util.ArrayList;
  25. /*
  26.  * Filament中待渲染的SurfaceView
  27.  * 功能可以类比OpenGL ES中的GLSurfaceView
  28.  * 用于创建Filament的渲染环境
  29.  */
  30. public class FLSurfaceView extends SurfaceView {
  31.     public static int RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY = 0; // 用户请求渲染才渲染一帧
  32.     public static int RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY = 1; // 持续渲染
  33.     protected int mRenderMode = RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY; // 渲染模式
  34.     protected Choreographer mChoreographer; // 消息控制
  35.     protected DisplayHelper mDisplayHelper; // 管理Display(可以监听分辨率或刷新率的变化)
  36.     protected UiHelper mUiHelper; // 管理SurfaceView、TextureView、SurfaceHolder
  37.     protected Engine mEngine; // 引擎(跟踪用户创建的资源, 管理渲染线程和硬件渲染器)
  38.     protected Renderer mRenderer; // 渲染器(用于操作系统窗口, 生成绘制命令, 管理帧延时)
  39.     protected Scene mScene; // 场景(管理渲染对象、灯光)
  40.     protected View mView; // 存储渲染数据(View是Renderer操作的对象)
  41.     protected Camera mCamera; // 相机(视角管理)
  42.     protected Point mDesiredSize; // 渲染分辨率
  43.     protected float[] mSkyboxColor; // 背景颜色
  44.     protected SwapChain mSwapChain; // 操作系统的本地可渲染表面(native renderable surface, 通常是一个window或view)
  45.     protected FrameCallback mFrameCallback = new FrameCallback(); // 帧回调
  46.     protected ArrayList<RenderCallback> mRenderCallbacks; // 每一帧渲染前的回调(一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等)
  48.     static {
  49.         Filament.init();
  50.     }
  52.     public FLSurfaceView(Context context) {
  53.         super(context);
  54.         mChoreographer = Choreographer.getInstance();
  55.         mDisplayHelper = new DisplayHelper(context);
  56.         mRenderCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
  57.     }
  59.     public void init() { // 初始化
  60.         setupSurfaceView();
  61.         setupFilament();
  62.         setupView();
  63.         setupScene();
  64.     }
  66.     public void setRenderMode(int renderMode) { // 设置渲染模式
  67.         mRenderMode = renderMode;
  68.     }
  70.     public void addRenderCallback(RenderCallback renderCallback) { // 添加渲染回调
  71.         if (renderCallback != null) {
  72.             mRenderCallbacks.add(renderCallback);
  73.         }
  74.     }
  76.     public void requestRender() { // 请求渲染
  77.         mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
  78.     }
  80.     public void onResume() { // 恢复
  81.         mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
  82.     }
  84.     public void onPause() { // 暂停
  85.         mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
  86.     }
  88.     public void onDestroy() { // 销毁Filament环境
  89.         mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
  90.         mRenderCallbacks.clear();
  91.         mUiHelper.detach();
  92.         mEngine.destroyRenderer(mRenderer);
  93.         mEngine.destroyView(mView);
  94.         mEngine.destroyScene(mScene);
  95.         mEngine.destroyCameraComponent(mCamera.getEntity());
  96.         EntityManager entityManager = EntityManager.get();
  97.         entityManager.destroy(mCamera.getEntity());
  98.         mEngine.destroy();
  99.     }
  101.     protected void setupScene() { // 设置Scene参数
  102.     }
  104.     protected void onResized(int width, int height) { // Surface尺寸变化时回调
  105.         double zoom = 1;
  106.         double aspect = (double) width / (double) height;
  107.         mCamera.setProjection(Camera.Projection.ORTHO,
  108.                 -aspect * zoom, aspect * zoom, -zoom, zoom, 0, 1000);
  109.     }
  111.     private void setupSurfaceView() { // 设置SurfaceView
  112.         mUiHelper = new UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK);
  113.         mUiHelper.setRenderCallback(new SurfaceCallback());
  114.         if (mDesiredSize != null) {
  115.             mUiHelper.setDesiredSize(mDesiredSize.x, mDesiredSize.y);
  116.         }
  117.         mUiHelper.attachTo(this);
  118.     }
  120.     private void setupFilament() { // 设置Filament参数
  121.         mEngine = Engine.create();
  122.         // mEngine = (new Engine.Builder()).featureLevel(Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0).build();
  123.         mRenderer = mEngine.createRenderer();
  124.         mScene = mEngine.createScene();
  125.         mView = mEngine.createView();
  126.         mCamera = mEngine.createCamera(mEngine.getEntityManager().create());
  127.     }
  129.     private void setupView() { // 设置View参数
  130.         float[] color = mSkyboxColor != null ? mSkyboxColor : new float[] {0, 0, 0, 1};
  131.         Skybox skybox = (new Skybox.Builder()).color(color).build(mEngine);
  132.         mScene.setSkybox(skybox);
  133.         if (mEngine.getActiveFeatureLevel() == Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0) {
  134.             mView.setPostProcessingEnabled(false); // FEATURE_LEVEL_0不支持post-processing
  135.         }
  136.         mView.setCamera(mCamera);
  137.         mView.setScene(mScene);
  138.     }
  140.     /*
  141.      * 帧回调
  142.      */
  143.     private class FrameCallback implements Choreographer.FrameCallback {
  144.         @Override
  145.         public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) { // 渲染每帧数据
  146.             if (mRenderMode == RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY) {
  147.                 mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(this); // 请求下一帧
  148.             }
  149.             mRenderCallbacks.forEach(callback -> callback.onCall());
  150.             if (mUiHelper.isReadyToRender()) {
  151.                 if (mRenderer.beginFrame(mSwapChain, frameTimeNanos)) {
  152.                     mRenderer.render(mView);
  153.                     mRenderer.endFrame();
  154.                 }
  155.             }
  156.         }
  157.     }
  159.     /*
  160.      * Surface回调
  161.      */
  162.     private class SurfaceCallback implements UiHelper.RendererCallback {
  163.         @Override
  164.         public void onNativeWindowChanged(Surface surface) { // Native窗口改变时回调
  165.             if (mSwapChain != null) {
  166.                 mEngine.destroySwapChain(mSwapChain);
  167.             }
  168.             long flags = mUiHelper.getSwapChainFlags();
  169.             if (mEngine.getActiveFeatureLevel() == Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0) {
  170.                 if (SwapChain.isSRGBSwapChainSupported(mEngine)) {
  171.                     flags = flags | SwapChain.CONFIG_SRGB_COLORSPACE;
  172.                 }
  173.             }
  174.             mSwapChain = mEngine.createSwapChain(surface, flags);
  175.             mDisplayHelper.attach(mRenderer, getDisplay());
  176.         }
  178.         @Override
  179.         public void onDetachedFromSurface() { // 解绑Surface时回调
  180.             mDisplayHelper.detach();
  181.             if (mSwapChain != null) {
  182.                 mEngine.destroySwapChain(mSwapChain);
  183.                 mEngine.flushAndWait();
  184.                 mSwapChain = null;
  185.             }
  186.         }
  188.         @Override
  189.         public void onResized(int width, int height) { // Surface尺寸变化时回调
  190.             mView.setViewport(new Viewport(0, 0, width, height));
  191.             FilamentHelper.synchronizePendingFrames(mEngine);
  192.             FLSurfaceView.this.onResized(width, height);
  193.         }
  194.     }
  196.     /*
  197.      * 每一帧渲染前的回调
  198.      * 一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等
  199.      */
  200.     public static interface RenderCallback {
  201.         void onCall();
  202.     }
  203. }

? BaseModel.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  5. import com.google.android.filament.Box;
  6. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  7. import com.google.android.filament.EntityManager;
  8. import com.google.android.filament.Material;
  9. import com.google.android.filament.MaterialInstance;
  10. import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager;
  11. import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager.PrimitiveType;
  12. import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
  13. import com.google.android.filament.TransformManager;
  15. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.Mesh.SubMesh;
  16. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.utils.MaterialUtils;
  17. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.utils.TextureUtils;
  19. /*
  20.  * 模型基类
  21.  * 管理模型的网格、材质、渲染id
  22.  */
  23. public class BaseModel {
  24.     private static String TAG = "BaseModel";
  25.     protected Context mContext; // 上下文
  26.     protected Engine mEngine; // Filament引擎
  27.     protected TransformManager mTransformManager; // 模型变换管理器
  28.     protected Mesh mMesh; // 模型网格
  29.     protected SubMesh[] mSubMeshes; // 子网格
  30.     protected Material[] mMaterials; // 模型材质
  31.     protected MaterialInstance[] mMaterialInstances; // 模型材质实例
  32.     protected Texture[] mTextures; // 纹理
  33.     protected int mRenderable; // 渲染id
  34.     protected int mTransformComponent; // 模型变换组件的id
  35.     protected Box mBox; // 渲染区域
  36.     protected FLSurfaceView.RenderCallback mRenderCallback; // 每一帧渲染前的回调(一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等)
  38.     public BaseModel(Context context, Engine engine) {
  39.         mContext = context;
  40.         mEngine = engine;
  41.         mTransformManager = mEngine.getTransformManager();
  42.     }
  44.     public int getRenderable() { // 获取渲染id
  45.         return mRenderable;
  46.     }
  48.     public FLSurfaceView.RenderCallback getRenderCallback() { // 获取渲染回调
  49.         return mRenderCallback;
  50.     }
  52.     public void destroy() { // 销毁模型
  53.         mEngine.destroyEntity(mRenderable);
  54.         if (mMesh != null) {
  55.             mMesh.destroy();
  56.         }
  57.         if (mTextures != null) {
  58.             for (int i = 0; i < mTextures.length; i++) {
  59.                 mEngine.destroyTexture(mTextures[i]);
  60.             }
  61.         }
  62.         if (mMaterialInstances != null) {
  63.             for (int i = 0; i < mMaterialInstances.length; i++) {
  64.                 mEngine.destroyMaterialInstance(mMaterialInstances[i]);
  65.             }
  66.         }
  67.         if (mMaterials != null) {
  68.             for (int i = 0; i < mMaterials.length; i++) {
  69.                 mEngine.destroyMaterial(mMaterials[i]);
  70.             }
  71.         }
  72.         EntityManager entityManager = EntityManager.get();
  73.         entityManager.destroy(mRenderable);
  74.     }
  76.     protected int getRenderable(PrimitiveType primitiveType, int vertexCount) { // 获取渲染id
  77.         int renderable = EntityManager.get().create();
  78.         if (mSubMeshes == null) {
  79.             mSubMeshes = new SubMesh[] {new SubMesh(0, 0, vertexCount - 1, vertexCount)};
  80.         }
  81.         RenderableManager.Builder builder = new RenderableManager.Builder(mSubMeshes.length).boundingBox(mBox);
  82.         for (int i = 0; i < mSubMeshes.length; i++) {
  83.             builder.geometry(i, primitiveType, mMesh.getVertexBuffer(), mMesh.getIndexBuffer(),
  84.                             mSubMeshes[i].offset, mSubMeshes[i].minIndex, mSubMeshes[i].maxIndex, mSubMeshes[i].indexCount)
  85.                     .material(i, mMaterialInstances[i]);
  86.         }
  87.         builder.build(mEngine, renderable);
  88.         return renderable;
  89.     }
  91.     protected Material[] loadMaterials(String materialPath) { // 加载材质
  92.         Material material = MaterialUtils.loadMaterial(mContext, mEngine, materialPath);
  93.         if (material != null) {
  94.             return new Material[] {material};
  95.         }
  96.         return null;
  97.     }
  99.     protected Material[] loadMaterials(String[] materialPaths) { // 加载材质
  100.         Material[] materials = new Material[materialPaths.length];
  101.         for (int i = 0; i < materials.length; i++) {
  102.             materials[i] = MaterialUtils.loadMaterial(mContext, mEngine, materialPaths[i]);
  103.         }
  104.         return materials;
  105.     }
  107.     protected MaterialInstance[] getMaterialInstance(Material[] materials) { // 获取材质实例
  108.         MaterialInstance[] materialInstances = new MaterialInstance[materials.length];
  109.         for (int i = 0; i < materials.length; i++) {
  110.             materialInstances[i] = materials[i].createInstance();
  111.         }
  112.         return materialInstances;
  113.     }
  115.     protected MaterialInstance[] getMaterialInstance(Material material, int count) { // 获取材质实例
  116.         MaterialInstance[] materialInstances = new MaterialInstance[count];
  117.         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  118.             materialInstances[i] = material.createInstance();
  119.         }
  120.         return materialInstances;
  121.     }
  123.     protected Texture[] loadTextures(String texturePath) { // 加载纹理
  124.         Texture texture = TextureUtils.getTexture(mContext, mEngine, texturePath);
  125.         if (texture != null) {
  126.             return new Texture[] {texture};
  127.         }
  128.         return null;
  129.     }
  131.     protected Texture[] loadTextures(String[] texturePaths) { // 加载纹理
  132.         Texture[] textures = new Texture[texturePaths.length];
  133.         for (int i = 0; i < textures.length; i++) {
  134.             textures[i] = TextureUtils.getTexture(mContext, mEngine, texturePaths[i]);
  135.         }
  136.         return textures;
  137.     }
  138. }

? Mesh.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament;
  3. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  4. import com.google.android.filament.IndexBuffer;
  5. import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer;
  6. import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.AttributeType;
  7. import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute;
  9. import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  10. import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  12. /*
  13.  * 网格
  14.  * 用于管理模型的顶点属性和顶点索引
  15.  */
  16. public class Mesh {
  17.     private Engine mEngine; // Filament引擎
  18.     private VertexBuffer mVertexBuffer; // 顶点属性缓存
  19.     private IndexBuffer mIndexBuffer; // 顶点索引缓存
  21.     public Mesh(Engine engine) {
  22.         mEngine = engine;
  23.     }
  25.     public Mesh(Engine engine, float[] vertices, short[] indices) {
  26.         mEngine = engine;
  27.         setVertices(vertices);
  28.         setIndices(indices);
  29.     }
  31.     public Mesh(Engine engine, VertexPosCol[] vertices, short[] indices) {
  32.         mEngine = engine;
  33.         setVertices(vertices);
  34.         setIndices(indices);
  35.     }
  37.     public Mesh(Engine engine, VertexPosUV[] vertices, short[] indices) {
  38.         mEngine = engine;
  39.         setVertices(vertices);
  40.         setIndices(indices);
  41.     }
  43.     public void setVertices(float[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
  44.         mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
  45.     }
  47.     public void setVertices(VertexPosCol[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
  48.         mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
  49.     }
  51.     public void setVertices(VertexPosUV[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
  52.         mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
  53.     }
  55.     public void setIndices(short[] indices) { // 设置顶点索引
  56.         mIndexBuffer = getIndexBuffer(indices);
  57.     }
  59.     public VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer() { // 获取顶点属性缓存
  60.         return mVertexBuffer;
  61.     }
  63.     public IndexBuffer getIndexBuffer() { // 获取顶点索引缓存
  64.         return mIndexBuffer;
  65.     }
  67.     public void destroy() {
  68.         mEngine.destroyVertexBuffer(mVertexBuffer);
  69.         mEngine.destroyIndexBuffer(mIndexBuffer);
  70.     }
  72.     private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(float[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
  73.         ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
  74.         int vertexCount = values.length / 3;
  75.         int vertexSize = Float.BYTES * 3;
  76.         VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
  77.                 .bufferCount(1)
  78.                 .vertexCount(vertexCount)
  79.                 .attribute(VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, VertexBuffer.AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
  80.                 .build(mEngine);
  81.         vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
  82.         return vertexBuffer;
  83.     }
  85.     private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(VertexPosCol[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
  86.         ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
  87.         int vertexCount = values.length;
  88.         int vertexSize = VertexPosCol.BYTES;
  89.         VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
  90.                 .bufferCount(1)
  91.                 .vertexCount(vertexCount)
  92.                 .attribute(VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
  93.                 .attribute(VertexAttribute.COLOR,    0, AttributeType.UBYTE4, 3 * Float.BYTES, vertexSize)
  94.                 .normalized(VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute.COLOR)
  95.                 .build(mEngine);
  96.         vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
  97.         return vertexBuffer;
  98.     }
  100.     private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(VertexPosUV[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
  101.         ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
  102.         int vertexCount = values.length;
  103.         int vertexSize = VertexPosUV.BYTES;
  104.         VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
  105.                 .bufferCount(1)
  106.                 .vertexCount(vertexCount)
  107.                 .attribute(VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, VertexBuffer.AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
  108.                 .attribute(VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute.UV0,    0, VertexBuffer.AttributeType.FLOAT2, 3 * Float.BYTES, vertexSize)
  109.                 .build(mEngine);
  110.         vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
  111.         return vertexBuffer;
  112.     }
  114.     private IndexBuffer getIndexBuffer(short[] values) { // 获取顶点索引缓存
  115.         ByteBuffer indexData = getByteBuffer(values);
  116.         int indexCount = values.length;
  117.         IndexBuffer indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer.Builder()
  118.                 .indexCount(indexCount)
  119.                 .bufferType(IndexBuffer.Builder.IndexType.USHORT)
  120.                 .build(mEngine);
  121.         indexBuffer.setBuffer(mEngine, indexData);
  122.         return indexBuffer;
  123.     }
  125.     private ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(float[] values) { // float数组转换为ByteBuffer
  126.         ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(values.length * Float.BYTES);
  127.         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
  128.         for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
  129.             byteBuffer.putFloat(values[i]);
  130.         }
  131.         byteBuffer.flip();
  132.         return byteBuffer;
  133.     }
  135.     private ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(short[] values) { // short数组转换为ByteBuffer
  136.         ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(values.length * Short.BYTES);
  137.         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
  138.         for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
  139.             byteBuffer.putShort(values[i]);
  140.         }
  141.         byteBuffer.flip();
  142.         return byteBuffer;
  143.     }
  145.     private ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(VertexPosCol[] values) { // VertexPosCol数组转换为ByteBuffer
  146.         ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(values.length * VertexPosCol.BYTES);
  147.         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
  148.         for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
  149.             values[i].put(byteBuffer);
  150.         }
  151.         byteBuffer.flip();
  152.         return byteBuffer;
  153.     }
  155.     private ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(VertexPosUV[] values) { // VertexPosUV数组转换为ByteBuffer
  156.         ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(values.length * VertexPosUV.BYTES);
  157.         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
  158.         for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
  159.             values[i].put(byteBuffer);
  160.         }
  161.         byteBuffer.flip();
  162.         return byteBuffer;
  163.     }
  165.     /*
  166.      * 子网格
  167.      */
  168.     public static class SubMesh {
  169.         public int offset;
  170.         public int minIndex;
  171.         public int maxIndex;
  172.         public int indexCount;
  174.         public SubMesh() {}
  176.         public SubMesh(int offset, int minIndex, int maxIndex, int indexCount) {
  177.             this.offset = offset;
  178.             this.minIndex = minIndex;
  179.             this.maxIndex = maxIndex;
  180.             this.indexCount = indexCount;
  181.         }
  182.     }
  184.     /*
  185.      * 顶点数据(位置+颜色)
  186.      * 包含顶点位置和颜色
  187.      */
  188.     public static class VertexPosCol {
  189.         public static int BYTES = 16;
  190.         public float x;
  191.         public float y;
  192.         public float z;
  193.         public int color;
  195.         public VertexPosCol() {}
  197.         public VertexPosCol(float x, float y, float z, int color) {
  198.             this.x = x;
  199.             this.y = y;
  200.             this.z = z;
  201.             this.color = color;
  202.         }
  204.         public ByteBuffer put(ByteBuffer buffer) { // VertexPosCol转换为ByteBuffer
  205.             buffer.putFloat(x);
  206.             buffer.putFloat(y);
  207.             buffer.putFloat(z);
  208.             buffer.putInt(color);
  209.             return buffer;
  210.         }
  211.     }
  213.     /*
  214.      * 顶点数据(位置+纹理坐标)
  215.      * 包含顶点位置和纹理坐标
  216.      */
  217.     public static class VertexPosUV {
  218.         public static int BYTES = 20;
  219.         public float x;
  220.         public float y;
  221.         public float z;
  222.         public float u;
  223.         public float v;
  225.         public VertexPosUV() {}
  227.         public VertexPosUV(float x, float y, float z, float u, float v) {
  228.             this.x = x;
  229.             this.y = y;
  230.             this.z = z;
  231.             this.u = u;
  232.             this.v = v;
  233.         }
  235.         public ByteBuffer put(ByteBuffer buffer) { // VertexPosUV转换为ByteBuffer
  236.             buffer.putFloat(x);
  237.             buffer.putFloat(y);
  238.             buffer.putFloat(z);
  239.             buffer.putFloat(u);
  240.             buffer.putFloat(v);
  241.             return buffer;
  242.         }
  243.     }
  244. }

? MaterialUtils.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.utils;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  4. import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
  5. import android.os.Handler;
  6. import android.os.Looper;
  7. import android.util.Log;
  9. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  10. import com.google.android.filament.Material;
  12. import java.io.FileInputStream;
  13. import java.io.IOException;
  14. import java.nio.Buffer;
  15. import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  16. import java.nio.channels.Channels;
  17. import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
  19. /*
  20.  * 材质工具类
  21.  */
  22. public class MaterialUtils {
  23.     private static String TAG = "MaterialUtils";
  25.     public static Material loadMaterial(Context context, Engine engine, String materialPath) { // 加载材质
  26.         Buffer buffer = readUncompressedAsset(context, materialPath);
  27.         if (buffer != null) {
  28.             Material material = (new Material.Builder()).payload(buffer, buffer.remaining()).build(engine);
  29.             material.compile(
  30.                     Material.CompilerPriorityQueue.HIGH,
  31.                     Material.UserVariantFilterBit.ALL,
  32.                     new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()),
  33.                     () -> Log.i(TAG, "Material " + material.getName() + " compiled."));
  34.             engine.flush();
  35.             return material;
  36.         }
  37.         return null;
  38.     }
  40.     private static Buffer readUncompressedAsset(Context context, String assetPath) { // 加载资源
  41.         ByteBuffer dist = null;
  42.         try {
  43.             AssetFileDescriptor fd = context.getAssets().openFd(assetPath);
  44.             try(FileInputStream fis = fd.createInputStream()) {
  45.                 dist = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) fd.getLength());
  46.                 try (ReadableByteChannel src = Channels.newChannel(fis)) {
  47.                     src.read(dist);
  48.                 }
  49.             }
  50.         } catch (IOException e) {
  51.             e.printStackTrace();
  52.         }
  53.         if (dist != null) {
  54.             return dist.rewind();
  55.         }
  56.         return null;
  57.     }
  58. }

? TextureUtils.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.utils;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  4. import android.graphics.Bitmap;
  5. import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
  6. import android.os.Handler;
  7. import android.util.Log;
  9. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  10. import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
  11. import com.google.android.filament.android.TextureHelper;
  13. import java.io.IOException;
  14. import java.io.InputStream;
  16. /*
  17.  * 纹理工具类
  18.  */
  19. public class TextureUtils {
  20.     private static String TAG = "TextureUtils";
  22.     public static Texture getTexture(Context context, Engine engine, String texturePath) { // 获取Texture
  23.         Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromAsset(context, texturePath);
  24.         if (bitmap != null) {
  25.             return generateTexture(engine, bitmap);
  26.         }
  27.         return null;
  28.     }
  30.     public static Texture getTexture(Context context, Engine engine, int resourceId) { // 获取Texture
  31.         Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromDrawable(context, resourceId);
  32.         if (bitmap != null) {
  33.             return generateTexture(engine, bitmap);
  34.         }
  35.         return null;
  36.     }
  38.     private static Texture generateTexture(Engine engine, Bitmap bitmap) { // 生成Texture
  39.         Texture texture = new Texture.Builder()
  40.                 .width(bitmap.getWidth())
  41.                 .height(bitmap.getHeight())
  42.                 .sampler(Texture.Sampler.SAMPLER_2D)
  43.                 .format(Texture.InternalFormat.SRGB8_A8)
  44.                 .levels(0xff)
  45.                 .build(engine);
  46.         TextureHelper.setBitmap(engine, texture, 0, bitmap, new Handler(), () ->
  47.                 Log.i(TAG, "getTexture, Bitmap is released.")
  48.         );
  49.         texture.generateMipmaps(engine);
  50.         return texture;
  51.     }
  53.     private static Bitmap loadBitmapFromAsset(Context context, String assetPath) { // 从asset中加载bitmap
  54.         Bitmap bitmap = null;
  55.         try (InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open(assetPath)) {
  56.             bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
  57.         } catch (IOException e) {
  58.             e.printStackTrace();
  59.         }
  60.         return bitmap;
  61.     }
  63.     private static Bitmap loadBitmapFromDrawable(Context context, int resourceId) { // 从drawable中加载bitmap
  64.         BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
  65.         options.inPremultiplied = true;
  66.         Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resourceId, options);
  67.         return bitmap;
  68.     }
  69. }

2.2 业务类

? MainActivity.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture;
  3. import android.os.Bundle;
  5. import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
  7. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.FLSurfaceView;
  9. public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  10.     private FLSurfaceView mFLSurfaceView;
  12.     @Override
  13.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  14.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  15.         mFLSurfaceView = new MyFLSurfaceView(this);
  16.         setContentView(mFLSurfaceView);
  17.         mFLSurfaceView.init();
  18.         mFLSurfaceView.setRenderMode(FLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);
  19.     }
  21.     @Override
  22.     public void onResume() {
  23.         super.onResume();
  24.         mFLSurfaceView.onResume();
  25.     }
  27.     @Override
  28.     public void onPause() {
  29.         super.onPause();
  30.         mFLSurfaceView.onPause();
  31.     }
  33.     @Override
  34.     public void onDestroy() {
  35.         super.onDestroy();
  36.         mFLSurfaceView.onDestroy();
  37.     }
  38. }

? MyFLSurfaceView.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  5. import com.google.android.filament.Camera;
  6. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.BaseModel;
  7. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.FLSurfaceView;
  9. public class MyFLSurfaceView extends FLSurfaceView {
  10.     private BaseModel mMyModel;
  11.     public MyFLSurfaceView(Context context) {
  12.         super(context);
  13.     }
  15.     public void init() {
  16.         mSkyboxColor = new float[] {0.35f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 1};
  17.         super.init();
  18.     }
  20.     @Override
  21.     public void onDestroy() {
  22.         mMyModel.destroy();
  23.         super.onDestroy();
  24.     }
  26.     @Override
  27.     protected void setupScene() { // 设置Scene参数
  28.         mMyModel = new Cube(getContext(), mEngine);
  29.         mScene.addEntity(mMyModel.getRenderable());
  30.         addRenderCallback(mMyModel.getRenderCallback());
  31.     }
  33.     @Override
  34.     protected void onResized(int width, int height) {
  35.         double zoom = 0.25;
  36.         double aspect = (double) width / (double) height;
  37.         mCamera.setProjection(Camera.Projection.PERSPECTIVE,
  38.                 -aspect * zoom, aspect * zoom, -zoom, zoom, 0.3, 100);
  39.         float[] eye = new float[] {1, 1, 1.5f};
  40.         float[] center = new float[] {0, 0, 0};
  41.         float[] up = new float[] {0, 1, 0};
  42.         mCamera.lookAt(eye[0], eye[1], eye[2],center[0], center[1], center[2], up[0], up[1], up[2]);
  43.     }
  44. }

? Cube.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.multitexture;
  3. import android.content.Context;
  4. import android.opengl.Matrix;
  6. import com.google.android.filament.Box;
  7. import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
  8. import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager.PrimitiveType;
  9. import com.google.android.filament.TextureSampler;
  10. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.BaseModel;
  11. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.Mesh;
  12. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.Mesh.SubMesh;
  13. import com.zhyan8.multitexture.filament.Mesh.VertexPosUV;
  15. public class Cube extends BaseModel {
  16.     private String materialPaths = "materials/square.filamat";
  17.     private String[] texturePaths = new String[] {
  18.             "textures/a1.jpg", "textures/a2.jpg", "textures/a3.jpg",
  19.             "textures/a4.jpg", "textures/a6.jpg", "textures/a5.jpg"
  20.     };
  21.     private VertexPosUV[] mVertices; // 顶点坐标
  22.     private short[] mIndices; // 顶点索引
  23.     private float[] mModelMatrix; // 模型变换矩阵
  24.     private float[] mRotateAxis; // 旋转轴
  25.     private float mRotateAgree = 0; // 旋转角度
  27.     public Cube(Context context, Engine engine) {
  28.         super(context, engine);
  29.         init();
  30.     }
  32.     private void init() {
  33.         mBox = new Box(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f);
  34.         mVertices = getVertices(0.5f);
  35.         mIndices = getIndices();
  36.         mMesh = new Mesh(mEngine, mVertices, mIndices);
  37.         mSubMeshes = getSubMesh();
  38.         mTextures = loadTextures(texturePaths);
  39.         mMaterials = loadMaterials(materialPaths);
  40.         mMaterialInstances = getMaterialInstance(mMaterials[0], mTextures.length);
  41.         TextureSampler textureSampler = new TextureSampler();
  42.         for (int i = 0; i < mMaterialInstances.length; i++) {
  43.             mMaterialInstances[i].setParameter("mainTex", mTextures[i], textureSampler);
  44.         }
  45.         mRenderable = getRenderable(PrimitiveType.TRIANGLES, mIndices.length);
  46.         mTransformComponent = mTransformManager.getInstance(mRenderable);
  47.         mRenderCallback = () -> renderCallback();
  48.         mModelMatrix = new float[16];
  49.         mRotateAxis = new float[] { 0.5f, 1f, 1f };
  50.     }
  52.     private void renderCallback() {
  53.         mRotateAgree = (mRotateAgree + 1) % 360;
  54.         mRotateAxis[0] = mRotateAgree / 180f - 1;
  55.         mRotateAxis[1] = (float) Math.sin(mRotateAgree / 180f * Math.PI * 0.7f);
  56.         mRotateAxis[2] = (float) Math.cos(mRotateAgree / 180f * Math.PI * 0.5f);
  57.         Matrix.setRotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, mRotateAgree, mRotateAxis[0], mRotateAxis[1], mRotateAxis[2]);
  58.         mTransformManager.setTransform(mTransformComponent, mModelMatrix);
  59.     }
  61.     private VertexPosUV[] getVertices(float r) {
  62.         VertexPosUV[] vertices = new VertexPosUV[] {
  63.                 // 前面
  64.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, r, 0f, 1f), // 0
  65.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, r, 1f, 1f), // 1
  66.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, r, 1f, 0f), // 2
  67.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, r, 0f, 0f), // 3
  68.                 // 后面
  69.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, -r, 0f, 1f), // 4
  70.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, -r, 1f, 1f), // 5
  71.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, -r, 1f, 0f), // 6
  72.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, -r, 0f, 0f), // 7
  73.                 // 上面
  74.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, r, 0f, 1f), // 8
  75.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, -r, 1f, 1f), // 9
  76.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, -r, 1f, 0f), // 10
  77.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, r, 0f, 0f), // 11
  78.                 // 下面
  79.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, r, 0f, 1f), // 12
  80.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, -r, 1f, 1f), // 13
  81.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, -r, 1f, 0f), // 14
  82.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, r, 0f, 0f), // 15
  83.                 // 右面
  84.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, r, 0f, 1f), // 16
  85.                 new VertexPosUV(r, r, -r, 1f, 1f), // 17
  86.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, -r, 1f, 0f), // 18
  87.                 new VertexPosUV(r, -r, r, 0f, 0f), // 19
  88.                 // 左面
  89.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, r, 0f, 1f), // 20
  90.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, r, -r, 1f, 1f), // 21
  91.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, -r, 1f, 0f), // 22
  92.                 new VertexPosUV(-r, -r, r, 0f, 0f) // 23
  93.         };
  94.         return vertices;
  95.     }
  97.     private short[] getIndices() {
  98.         short[] indices = new short[] {
  99.                 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // 前面
  100.                 4, 6, 5, 4, 7, 6, // 上面
  101.                 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, // 右面
  102.                 12, 14, 13, 12, 15, 14, // 后面
  103.                 16, 18, 17, 16, 19, 18, // 下面
  104.                 20, 21, 22, 20, 22, 23 // 左面
  105.         };
  106.         return indices;
  107.     }
  109.     private SubMesh[] getSubMesh() {
  110.         int subMeshCount = 6;
  111.         int vertexCount = 6;
  112.         SubMesh[] subMeshes = new SubMesh[subMeshCount];
  113.         for (int i = 0; i < subMeshCount; i++) {
  114.             int offset = i * vertexCount;
  115.             int minIndex = offset;
  116.             int maxIndex = minIndex + vertexCount - 1;
  117.             subMeshes[i] = new SubMesh(offset, minIndex, maxIndex, vertexCount);
  118.         }
  119.         return subMeshes;
  120.     }
  121. }

? square.mat

  1. material {
  2.     name : square,
  4.     shadingModel : unlit, // 禁用所有lighting
  5.     // 自定义变量参数
  6.     parameters : [
  7.         {
  8.             type : sampler2d,
  9.             name : mainTex
  10.         }
  11.     ],
  12.     // 顶点着色器入参MaterialVertexInputs中需要的顶点属性
  13.     requires : [
  14.         uv0
  15.     ]
  16. }
  18. fragment {
  19.     void material(inout MaterialInputs material) {
  20.         prepareMaterial(material); // 在方法返回前必须回调该函数
  21.         material.baseColor = texture(materialParams_mainTex, getUV0());
  22.     }
  23. }

? transform.bat

  1. @echo off
  2. setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
  3. set "srcFolder=../src/main/materials"
  4. set "distFolder=../src/main/assets/materials"
  6. for %%f in ("%srcFolder%\*.mat") do (
  7. 	set "matfile=%%~nf"
  8. 	matc -p mobile -a opengl -o "!matfile!.filamat" "%%f"
  9.     move "!matfile!.filamat" "%distFolder%\!matfile!.filamat"
  10. )
  12. echo Processing complete.
  13. pause

? 说明：需要将 matc.exe 文件与 transform.bat 文件放在同一个目录下面，matc.exe 源自Filament环境搭建中编译生成的 exe 文件。双击 transform.bat 文件，会自动将 /src/main/materials/ 下面的所有 mat 文件全部转换为 filamat 文件，并移到 /src/main/assets/materials/ 目录下面。

? 运行效果如下。

img

? 说明：本文转自【Filament】立方体贴图（6张图）。

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhyan8/p/18024348

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