前言:
- 本文源码基于
spring-framework-5.3.10
。 mvc
是spring
源码中的一个子模块!
一、源码执行流程
- 用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet。
DispatcherServlet
收到请求调用处理器映射器HandlerMapping
。处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器,生成处理器执行链HandlerExecutionChain
(包括处理器对象和处理器拦截器)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。DispatcherServlet
根据处理器Handler获取处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
,执行HandlerAdapter处理一系列的操作,如:参数封装,数据格式转换,数据验证等操作- 执行处理器Handler(Controller,也叫页面控制器)。Handler执行完成返回
ModelAndView
、HandlerAdapter
将Handler执行结果ModelAndView返回到DispatcherServlet。 DispatcherServlet
将ModelAndView
传给ViewReslover视图解析器。ViewReslover解析后返回具体ViewDispatcherServlet
对View进行渲染视图(即将模型数据model填充至视图中)。- DispatcherServlet响应用户。
二、源码执行流程图

三、spring mvc中的一核心组件
- DispatcherServlet: 前端调度器 , 负责将请求拦截下来分发到各控制器方法中
- HandlerMapping: 负责根据请求的URL和配置@RequestMapping映射去匹配, 匹配到会返回Handler(具体控制器的方法)
- HandlerAdaper: 负责调用Handler-具体的方法- 返回视图的名字 Handler将它封装到ModelAndView(封装视图名,request域的数据)
- ViewReslover: 根据ModelAndView里面的视图名地址去找到具体的jsp封装在View对象中
- View:进行视图渲染(将jsp转换成html内容 --这是Servlet容器的事情了) 最终response到的客户端
四、源码分析
- /**
- * 最核心的控制器
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
- */
- protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
- HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
- boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
-
- WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
-
- try {
- ModelAndView mv = null;
- Exception dispatchException = null;
-
- try {
- // 验证是不是上传的请求,上传的请求会转化为MultipartHttpServletRequest
- processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
- multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
-
- // 进行映射
- mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
- if (mappedHandler == null) {
- noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
- return;
- }
-
- // 找到最合适的HandlerAdapter,按照顺序,那个先解析到就是那个
- HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
-
- // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. HTTP缓存相关
- String method = request.getMethod();
- boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method);
- if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) {
- long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
- if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
- return;
- }
- }
- // 前置拦截器
- if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
- // 返回false就不进行后续处理了
- return;
- }
-
- // Actually invoke the handler.
- // 获取参数,执行方法
- mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
-
- if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
- return;
- }
- // 如果mv有 视图没有,给你设置默认视图
- applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
- //后置拦截器
- mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- dispatchException = ex;
- }
- catch (Throwable err) {
- // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
- // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
- dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
- }
- // 渲染视图
- processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
- }
- catch (Throwable err) {
- triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
- new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
- }
- finally {
- if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
- // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
- if (mappedHandler != null) {
- mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
- }
- }
- else {
- // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
- if (multipartRequestParsed) {
- cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
- }
- }
- }
- }
五、获取组件相关逻辑:
原理:谁先解析到就用谁!
- /**
- * 获取处理器映射器
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.getHandler(HttpServletRequest)
- */
- protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
- if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
- /** 拿到所有handlerMappings (容器启动阶段初始化:拿到所有实现了HandlerMapping的Bean)
- * @see DispatcherServlet#initHandlerMappings
- * 测试发现: 不同的HandlerMapping可以有相同path, 谁先解析到就用哪个
- * */
- for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
- HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
- if (handler != null) {
- return handler;
- }
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取处理器适配器
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.getHandlerAdapter(Object)
- */
- protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
- if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
- // 按照配置的顺序,谁先解析到就用那个
- for (HandlerAdapter adapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
- if (adapter.supports(handler)) {
- return adapter;
- }
- }
- }
- throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
- "]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
- }
六、获取参数,执行方法源码分析
- /**
- * 获取参数,执行方法最外层的调用
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, Object)
- */
- public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
- throws Exception {
- // 直接调用这个方法
- return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler);
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取参数,执行方法内部的调用逻辑
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod)
- */
- protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
-
- ModelAndView mav;
- // 检查当前请求的method是否为支持的method(默认Null,可通过继承AbstractController设置supportedMethods)
- // 检查当前请求是否必须session (默认false,可通过继承AbstractController设置requireSession)
- checkRequest(request);
-
- /**
- * 判断当前是否需要支持在同一个session中只能线性地处理请求:一个session同时只能处理一个线程
- * 因为锁是通过 synchronized 是 JVM 进程级,所以在分布式环境下,
- * 无法达到同步相同 Session 的功能。默认情况下,synchronizeOnSession 为 false
- */
- if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
- // 获取当前请求的session对象
- HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
- if (session != null) {
- // 为当前session生成一个唯一的可以用于锁定的key
- Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
- synchronized (mutex) {
- // 对HandlerMethod进行参数等的适配处理,并调用目标handler
- mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
- }
- }
- else {
- // 如果当前不存在session,则直接对HandlerMethod进行适配
- mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
- }
- }
- else {
- // *如果当前不需要对session进行同步处理,则直接对HandlerMethod进行适配
- mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
- }
-
-
- //判断当前请求头中是否包含Cache-Control请求头,如果不包含,则对当前response进行处理
- if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
- // 如果当前SessionAttribute中存在配置的attributes,则为其设置过期时间。
- // 这里SessionAttribute主要是通过@SessionAttribute注解生成的
- if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) {
- applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);
- }
- else {
- // 如果当前不存在SessionAttributes,则判断当前是否存在Cache-Control设置,
- // 如果存在,则按照该设置进行response处理,如果不存在,则设置response中的
- // Cache的过期时间为-1,即立即失效
- prepareResponse(response);
- }
- }
-
- return mav;
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取参数,执行方法前的准备逻辑
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod)
- */
- protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
- // 把我们的请求req resp包装成 ServletWebRequest
- ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
- try {
- // 获取容器中全局配置的InitBinder和当前HandlerMethod所对应的Controller中
- // 配置的InitBinder,用于进行参数的绑定
- WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
-
- // 获取容器中全局配置的ModelAttribute和当前HandlerMethod所对应的Controller 中配置的ModelAttribute,
- // 这些配置的方法将会在目标方法调用之前进行调用
- ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
-
- // 封装handlerMethod,会在调用前解析参数、调用后对返回值进行处理
- ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
- if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
- // 让invocableMethod拥有参数解析能力
- invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
- }
- if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
- // 让invocableMethod拥有返回值处理能力
- invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
- }
- // 让invocableMethod拥有InitBinder解析能力
- invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory);
- // 设置ParameterNameDiscoverer,该对象将按照一定的规则获取当前参数的名称
- invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
- // ModelAndView处理容器
- ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
- // 将request的Attribute复制一份到ModelMap
- mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request));
- // *调用我们标注了@ModelAttribute的方法,主要是为我们的目标方法预加载
- modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);
- // 重定向的时候,忽略model中的数据 默认false
- mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);
-
- // 获取当前的AsyncWebRequest,这里AsyncWebRequest的主要作用是用于判断目标
- // handler的返回值是否为WebAsyncTask或DeferredResult,如果是这两种中的一种,
- // 则说明当前请求的处理应该是异步的。所谓的异步,指的是当前请求会将Controller中
- // 封装的业务逻辑放到一个线程池中进行调用,待该调用有返回结果之后再返回到response中。
- // 这种处理的优点在于用于请求分发的线程能够解放出来,从而处理更多的请求,提高吞吐。
- // 只有待目标任务完成之后才会回来将该异步任务的结果返回。
- AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest = WebAsyncUtils.createAsyncWebRequest(request, response);
- asyncWebRequest.setTimeout(this.asyncRequestTimeout);
- // 封装异步任务的线程池、request、interceptors到WebAsyncManager中
- WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
- asyncManager.setTaskExecutor(this.taskExecutor);
- asyncManager.setAsyncWebRequest(asyncWebRequest);
- asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptors(this.callableInterceptors);
- asyncManager.registerDeferredResultInterceptors(this.deferredResultInterceptors);
-
- // 这里就是用于判断当前请求是否有异步任务结果的,如果存在,则对异步任务结果进行封装
- if (asyncManager.hasConcurrentResult()) {
- Object result = asyncManager.getConcurrentResult();
- mavContainer = (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.getConcurrentResultContext()[0];
- asyncManager.clearConcurrentResult();
- LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
- String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(result, !traceOn);
- return "Resume with async result [" + formatted + "]";
- });
- invocableMethod = invocableMethod.wrapConcurrentResult(result);
- }
- // *对请求参数进行处理,调用目标HandlerMethod,并且将返回值封装为一个ModelAndView对象
- invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
- if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
- return null;
- }
-
- // 对封装的ModelAndView进行处理,主要是判断当前请求是否进行了重定向,如果进行了重定向,
- // 还会判断是否需要将FlashAttributes封装到新的请求中
- return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
- }
- finally {
- webRequest.requestCompleted();
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取参数,执行方法
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...)
- */
- public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
- Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
-
- /*真正的调用我们的目标对象 很重要 很重要*/
- Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
- // 设置相关的返回状态
- setResponseStatus(webRequest);
- // 如果请求处理完成,则设置requestHandled属性
- if (returnValue == null) {
- if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || getResponseStatus() != null || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
- disableContentCachingIfNecessary(webRequest);
- mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
- return;
- }
- }
- // 如果请求失败,但是有错误原因,那么也会设置requestHandled属性
- else if (StringUtils.hasText(getResponseStatusReason())) {
- mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
- return;
- }
-
- mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
- Assert.state(this.returnValueHandlers != null, "No return value handlers");
- try {
- // 遍历当前容器中所有ReturnValueHandler,判断哪种handler支持当前返回值的处理,
- // 如果支持,则使用该handler处理该返回值
- this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
- returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace(formatErrorForReturnValue(returnValue), ex);
- }
- throw ex;
- }
- }
七、渲染视图逻辑
- /**
- * 渲染视图逻辑
- * 源码位置:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerExecutionChain, ModelAndView, Exception)
- */
- private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
- @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
- @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
-
- boolean errorView = false;
-
- // 异常视图
- if (exception != null) {
- if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
- logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
- mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
- }
- else {
- Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
- mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
- errorView = (mv != null);
- }
- }
-
- // Did the handler return a view to render?
- if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
- // 解析、渲染视图:解析视图名,拼接前后缀
- render(mv, request, response);
- if (errorView) {
- WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
- }
- }
- else {
- if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
- logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
- }
- }
-
- if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
- // Concurrent handling started during a forward
- return;
- }
-
- if (mappedHandler != null) {
- // Exception (if any) is already handled.. 拦截器:AfterCompletion
- mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
- }
- }
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